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In organic chemistry, an alkane, or paraffin (a historical trivial name that also has other meanings), is an acyclic saturated hydrocarbon. In other words, an alkane consists of hydrogen and carbon atoms arranged in a tree structure in which all the carbon–carbon bonds are single. [1] Alkanes have the general chemical formula C n H 2n+2.
An alkane is a saturated hydrocarbon. See Alkane. Alkanes as substituents are called alkyl groups Subcategories. This category has the following 5 subcategories, out ...
The following is a list of straight-chain alkanes, the total number of isomers of each (including branched chains), and their common names, sorted by number of carbon atoms. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Number of C atoms
Higher alkanes are naturally present in crude oil and can be obtained via fractional distillation.Saturated fatty acids decarboxylate to higher alkanes. Long olefins can be hydrogenated to yield higher alkanes. n-alkanes can be isolated via the formation of urea clathrates.They can also be synthesized through Kolbe electrolysis or other coupling reactions like the Wurtz reaction.
Lozanić's triangle (sometimes called Losanitsch's triangle) is a triangular array of binomial coefficients in a manner very similar to that of Pascal's triangle.It is named after the Serbian chemist Sima Lozanić, who researched it in his investigation into the symmetries exhibited by rows of paraffins (archaic term for alkanes) and isomer types and number of alkanes.
In organic chemistry, alkylidene is a general term for divalent functional groups of the form R 2 C=, where each R is an alkane or hydrogen. [1] They can be considered the functional group corresponding to mono- or disubstituted divalent carbenes (known as alkylidenes), [2] or as the result of removing two hydrogen atoms from the same carbon atom in an alkane.
Hydrocarbon prefixes: These prefixes indicate the number of carbon atoms in a straight-chain alkane. Some examples include: meth- (1 carbon) eth- (2 carbons) prop- (3 carbons) but- (4 carbons) pent- (5 carbons) hex- (6 carbons) Alkyl group prefixes: These prefixes are used to name alkyl groups (chains of carbon atoms) that are attached to ...
Example of a 1,2-diol (Ethyleneglycol, top),a 1,3-diol (1,3-Propanediol, middle)and a 1,4-diol (1,4-Butanediol, bottom).An alkanediol, composed of alkane and diol, are a group of substances consisting of linear or branched hydrocarbon chains containing exactly two hydroxy groups at different positions.