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Basic stocks are usually named for the primary meat type. A distinction is usually made between fond blanc, or white stock, made by using raw bones and mirepoix, and fond brun, or brown stock, which gets its color by roasting the bones and mirepoix before boiling; the bones may also be coated in tomato paste before roasting.
Traditionally, the weight ratio for mirepoix is 2:1:1 of onions, celery, and carrots; [1] the ratio for bones to mirepoix for stock is 10:1. [citation needed] When making a white stock, or fond blanc, parsnips are used instead of carrots to maintain the pale color. [citation needed]
Simone Beck, Louisette Bertholle and Julia Child in their Mastering the Art of French Cooking describe blanquette de veau, as "a much-loved stew in France … veal simmered in a lightly seasoned white stock … served in a sauce velouté made from the veal cooking stock and enriched with cream and egg yolks". [3]
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According the Larousse Gastronomique, a seminal work of French haute cuisine, first published in 1938, suprême sauce is made from the mother sauce velouté (white stock thickened with a white roux [2] —in the case of suprême sauce, chicken stock is usually preferred), reduced with heavy cream or crème fraîche, and then strained through a fine sieve.
Although a court bouillon may become the base for a stock or fumet, in traditional terms it is differentiated by the inclusion of acidulating ingredients such as wine, vinegar, or lemon juice. In addition to contributing their own flavor, acids help to draw flavors from the vegetable aromatics during the short preparation time prior to use.
Sauce vin blanc: has the addition of fish trim, egg yolks, and butter and, typically, it is served with fish. [5] Suprême sauce: by adding a reduction of mushroom liquor (produced in cooking) and cream to a chicken velouté; Venetian sauce: tarragon, shallots, chervil; Wine sauce: such as white wine sauce and champagne sauce [6]
In the culinary arts, fond is a contraction of fonds de cuisine which is loosely described as "the foundation and working capital of the kitchen". [1] In its native usage, fond refers to the sauce created by dissolving the flavorful solid bits of food ( sucs ) stuck to a pan or pot after cooking.