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  2. Topographic map - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topographic_map

    The various features shown on the map are represented by conventional signs or symbols. For example, colors can be used to indicate a classification of roads. These signs are usually explained in the margin of the map, or on a separately published characteristic sheet. [17] Topographic maps are also commonly called contour maps or topo maps.

  3. Topography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topography

    Topography is the study of the forms and features of land surfaces. The topography of an area may refer to the landforms and features themselves, or a description or depiction in maps. Topography is a field of geoscience and planetary science and is concerned with local detail in general, including not only relief , but also natural ...

  4. Relief (feature selection) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relief_(feature_selection)

    Relief is an algorithm developed by Kira and Rendell in 1992 that takes a filter-method approach to feature selection that is notably sensitive to feature interactions. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It was originally designed for application to binary classification problems with discrete or numerical features.

  5. Terrain cartography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrain_cartography

    Terrain cartography or relief mapping is the depiction of the shape of the surface of the Earth on a map, using one or more of several techniques that have been developed. Terrain or relief is an essential aspect of physical geography , and as such its portrayal presents a central problem in cartographic design , and more recently geographic ...

  6. Terrain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrain

    Terrain (from Latin: terra 'earth'), alternatively relief or topographical relief, is the dimension and shape of a given surface of land. In physical geography, terrain is the lay of the land. This is usually expressed in terms of the elevation, slope, and orientation of terrain features. Terrain affects surface water flow and distribution.

  7. Cycle of erosion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycle_of_erosion

    The model in its original form is intended to explain relief development in temperate landscapes in which erosion by running water is assumed to be of prime importance. [5] [7] Nevertheless, the cycle of erosion has been extended, with modifications, into arid, semi-arid, savanah, selva, glacial, coastal, karst and periglacial areas.

  8. Soil formation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_formation

    Soil formation is influenced by at least five classic factors that are intertwined in the evolution of a soil. They are: parent material, climate, topography (relief), organisms, and time. [9] When reordered to climate, organisms, relief, parent material, and time, they form the acronym CLORPT. [10]

  9. Landform - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landform

    When relief is described underwater, the term bathymetry is used. In cartography, many different techniques are used to describe relief, including contour lines and triangulated irregular networks. Elementary landforms (segments, facets, relief units) are the smallest homogeneous divisions of the land surface, at the given scale/resolution.