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Calcitriol is a hormone and the active form of vitamin D, normally made in the kidney. [8] [9] [10] It is also known as 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol.It binds to and activates the vitamin D receptor in the nucleus of the cell, which then increases the expression of many genes. [11]
The high level of calcitriol found in hypercalciuria patients mentioned earlier stimulates higher rates of bone resorption and lowers bone formation. [8] Unrestrained amounts of interleukin-1 , TNF-α , and GM-CSF released from monocytes were found in hypercalciuria patients, which are key determinants in bone remodelling efficiency, furthering ...
For a healthy individual, if calcium levels are high, the kidneys will decrease its production of calcitriol (active vitamin D) by reducing the hydroxylation of calcidiol (inactive vitamin D); lower calcitriol levels means a lower rate of calcium absorption in the small intestine, which eventually offsets the elevated calcium levels. [10]
Calcitriol enters the target cell and binds to the vitamin D receptor in the cytoplasm. This activated receptor enters the nucleus and binds to vitamin D response elements (VDRE) which are specific DNA sequences on genes. [1] Transcription of these genes is stimulated and produces greater levels of the proteins that mediate the effects of ...
The level of serum 1,25(OH)D (calcitriol) is not usually used to determine vitamin D status because it often is regulated by other hormones in the body such as parathyroid hormone. [53] The levels of 1,25(OH)D can remain normal even when a person may be vitamin D deficient. [53]
Erythropoietin is released in response to hypoxia (low levels of oxygen at tissue level) in the renal circulation. It stimulates erythropoiesis (production of red blood cells) in the bone marrow. Calcitriol, the activated form of vitamin D, promotes intestinal absorption of calcium and the renal reabsorption of phosphate.
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The levels of the active form of vitamin D, calcitriol, are inversely correlated with coronary calcification. [21] Moreover, the active vitamin D analog, alfacalcidol, seems to protect patients from developing vascular calcification.
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