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A lower house (the House of Commons), the members of which are chosen by the citizens of Canada through federal general elections. Elections Canada is the non-partisan agency responsible for the conduct of elections in Canada, including federal elections, by-elections and referendums. It is headed by the chief electoral officer.
An electoral system (or voting system) is a set of rules that determine how elections and referendums are conducted and how their results are determined. Some electoral systems elect a single winner (single candidate or option), while others elect multiple winners, such as members of parliament or boards of directors.
Neutral voting models try to minimize the number of parameters and, as an example of the nothing-up-my-sleeve principle. The most common such model is the impartial anonymous culture model (or Dirichlet model). These models assume voters assign each candidate a utility completely at random (from a uniform distribution).
Federal elections formerly used a mixture of first-past the-post and plurality block voting; provincial elections formerly used a variety of electoral methods See "Electoral reform" below. In the ten provinces and Yukon , elections are contested by candidates either representing political parties or running as independents.
It was reported that 'Elections Canada hoped to test web voting by 2013, beginning with a byelection. "The general philosophy is to take the ballot box to the voter," says Mayrand, Canada's chief electoral officer.' [2] Elections Canada released a report requesting approval to conduct an "electronic voting test-run in a byelection by 2013". [3]
Positional methods and score voting satisfy the participation criterion. All deterministic voting rules that satisfy pairwise majority-rule [55] [62] can fail in situations involving four-way cyclic ties, though such scenarios are empirically rare, and the randomized Condorcet rule is not affected by the pathology.
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An electoral or voting system is a set of rules used to determine the results of an election. Electoral systems are used in politics to elect governments, while non-political elections may take place in business, non-profit organisations and informal organisations.