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The superior thoracic aperture, also known as the thoracic outlet, or thoracic inlet refers to the opening at the top of the thoracic cavity. [1] It is also clinically referred to as the thoracic outlet, in the case of thoracic outlet syndrome. A lower thoracic opening is the inferior thoracic aperture.
Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a condition in which there is compression of the nerves, arteries, or veins in the superior thoracic aperture, the passageway from the lower neck to the armpit, also known as the thoracic outlet. [1] There are three main types: neurogenic, venous, and arterial. [1]
Pectoralis minor syndrome (PMS) is a condition related to thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) that results from the pectoralis minor muscle being too tight. [1] PMS results from the brachial plexus being compressed under the pectoralis minor [2] while TOS involves compression of the bundle above the clavicle. In most patients, the nerves are ...
thoracic outlet syndrome Wright's test is a clinical sign in which the radial pulse weakens or disappears when the arm is abducted and externally rotated . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It occurs in some patients with thoracic outlet syndrome .
It is also used in the diagnosis of costoclavicular syndrome and thoracic outlet syndrome. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The position is described as first standing in a relaxed posture, with the head looking forward, then depressing and retracting the shoulders as if standing at attention, extending the humerus and abducting it 30 degrees , and hyperextending ...
Thrombolysis is typically performed prior to first rib resection for venous thoracic outlet syndrome. First rib resection is indicated for venous , arterial , and neurogenic TOS. [ 1 ] In all cases, the goal of the operation is to increase the dynamic space between the chest wall and the clavicle , through which the subclavian vein, artery, and ...
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There are two openings of the thoracic cavity, a superior thoracic aperture known as the thoracic inlet and a lower inferior thoracic aperture known as the thoracic outlet. The thoracic cavity includes the tendons as well as the cardiovascular system which could be damaged from injury to the back, spine or the neck.