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The variable, byte_of_data, is an 8-bit unsigned integer. As an example, consider the 64-bit FNV-1 hash: All variables, except for byte_of_data, are 64-bit unsigned integers. The variable, byte_of_data, is an 8-bit unsigned integer. The FNV_offset_basis is the 64-bit value: 14695981039346656037 (in hex, 0xcbf29ce484222325).
These examples show how various data sequences would be encoded by the COBS algorithm. In the examples, all bytes are expressed as hexadecimal values, and encoded data is shown with text formatting to illustrate various features: Bold indicates a data byte which has not been altered by encoding. All non-zero data bytes remain unaltered.
Hex signature ISO 8859-1 Offset Extension Description 23 21 #! 0 ... UTF-16BE byte order mark, commonly seen in text files. [28] [29] [30] FF FE 00 00:
Hexadecimal (also known as base-16 or simply hex) is a positional numeral system that represents numbers using a radix (base) of sixteen. Unlike the decimal system representing numbers using ten symbols, hexadecimal uses sixteen distinct symbols, most often the symbols "0"–"9" to represent values 0 to 9 and "A"–"F" to represent values from ten to fifteen.
In this (original) meaning of offset, only the basic address unit, usually the 8-bit byte, is used to specify the offset's size. In this context an offset is sometimes called a relative address. In IBM System/360 instructions, a 12-bit offset embedded within certain instructions provided a range of between 0 and 4096 bytes. For example, within ...
(2 bytes) int32: 32-bit little-endian 2's complement or int64: 64-bit little-endian 2's complement: Double: little-endian binary64: UTF-8-encoded, preceded by int32-encoded string length in bytes BSON embedded document with numeric keys BSON embedded document Concise Binary Object Representation (CBOR) \xf6 (1 byte)
An ordering problem that is easy to envision occurs when the data word is transferred byte-by-byte between a big-endian system and a little-endian system and the Fletcher-32 checksum is computed. If blocks are extracted from the data word in memory by a simple read of a 16-bit unsigned integer, then the values of the blocks will be different in ...
Using a mask, multiple bits in a byte, nibble, word, etc. can be set either on or off, or inverted from on to off (or vice versa) in a single bitwise operation. An additional use of masking involves predication in vector processing , where the bitmask is used to select which element operations in the vector are to be executed (mask bit is ...