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In physics, a fluid is a liquid, gas, or other material that may continuously move and deform (flow) under an applied shear stress, or external force. [1] They have zero shear modulus , or, in simpler terms, are substances which cannot resist any shear force applied to them.
The Euler number (Eu) is a dimensionless number used in fluid flow calculations. It expresses the relationship between a local pressure drop caused by a restriction and the kinetic energy per volume of the flow, and is used to characterize energy losses in the flow, where a perfect frictionless flow corresponds to an Euler number of 0.
Fluid elements initially free of vorticity remain free of vorticity. Helmholtz's theorems have application in understanding: Generation of lift on an airfoil; Starting vortex; Horseshoe vortex; Wingtip vortices. Helmholtz's theorems are now generally proven with reference to Kelvin's circulation theorem.
Now the layer just above it (flowing with a greater velocity) will try to drag it in the direction of flow, whereas the layer just below it (flowing with a lesser velocity) will try to slow it down. The attraction between the layers of the fluid is the result of cohesive forces, and viscosity is the property that explains the nature and ...
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Schematic diagram of one particular realization of nanofluidics in a nanocapillary array membrane, or NCAM. The NCAM is composed of a large number of parallel nanocapillaries, each of which have a pore radius, a/2, which is approximately the same size as the Debye length, κ −1.