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Camphor (/ ˈ k æ m f ər /) is a waxy, colorless solid with a strong aroma. [5] It is classified as a terpenoid and a cyclic ketone.It is found in the wood of the camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphora), a large evergreen tree found in East Asia; and in the kapur tree (Dryobalanops sp.), a tall timber tree from South East Asia.
Turpentine is also used as a source of raw materials in the synthesis of fragrant chemical compounds. Commercially used camphor, linalool, alpha-terpineol, and geraniol are all usually produced from alpha-pinene and beta-pinene, which are two of the chief chemical components of turpentine. These pinenes are separated and purified by distillation.
It is a white or colorless solid at room temperature with a camphor-like odor. [3] It has been used by the military in smoke compositions, such as base-eject smoke munitions (smoke grenades). Hexachloroethane was discovered along with carbon tetrachloride by Michael Faraday in 1820. Faraday obtained it by chlorinating ethylene. [4]
tert-Butyl alcohol is used as a solvent, ethanol denaturant, paint remover ingredient, and gasoline octane booster and oxygenate.It is a chemical intermediate used to produce methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) by reaction with methanol and ethanol, respectively, and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) by reaction with hydrogen peroxide.
It has a fresh camphor-like odor and a spicy, cooling taste. [1] It is insoluble in water, but miscible with organic solvents. Eucalyptol makes up about 70–90% of eucalyptus oil. [2] [3] Eucalyptol forms crystalline adducts with hydrohalic acids, o-cresol, resorcinol, and phosphoric acid. Formation of these adducts is useful for purification. [4]
This Wikipedia page provides a comprehensive list of boiling and freezing points for various solvents.
Camphorsulfonic acid, sometimes abbreviated CSA or 10-CSA is an organosulfur compound.Like typical sulfonic acids, it is a relatively strong acid that is a colorless solid at room temperature and is soluble in water and a wide variety of organic substances.
Examples of spirits include: Spirit of ammonia (spirits of hartshorn) Spirit of camphor; Spirit of ether, a solution of diethyl ether in alcohol "Spirit of Mindererus", ammonium acetate in alcohol "Spirit of nitre" is not a spirit in this sense, but an old name for nitric acid (but "sweet spirit of nitre" was ethyl nitrite)