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Sedation is very common, and extrapyramidal side effects are common and include restlessness, dystonic reactions, pseudoparkinsonism, and akathisia; the extrapyramidal symptoms can affect 2% of people at low doses, whereas higher doses may affect as many as 40% of people. [18] [19]
Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) are symptoms that are archetypically associated with the extrapyramidal system of the brain's cerebral cortex. When such symptoms are caused by medications or other drugs, they are also known as extrapyramidal side effects (EPSE). The symptoms can be acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term).
Oculogyric crisis (OGC) is a rare sudden, paroxysmal, dystonic reaction that may manifest in response to specific drugs, particularly neuroleptics, or medical conditions, such as movement disorders.
Prochlorperazine (Compazine, Buccastem, Stemetil) and Pimozide (Orap) are less commonly used to treat psychotic states, and so are sometimes excluded from this classification. [12] A related concept to D2 potency is the concept of "chlorpromazine equivalence", which provides a measure of the relative effectiveness of antipsychotics.
Reported symptoms also include insomnia, a sense of discomfort, motor restlessness, marked anxiety, and panic. [13] Symptoms have also been said to resemble symptoms of neuropathic pain similar to fibromyalgia and restless legs syndrome. [14] When caused by psychiatric drugs, akathisia usually disappears quickly once the medication is reduced ...
Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) associated with typical antipsychotics: Early stage – occurs at onset of treatment or following increased dose, patients recover when dose is decreased [10] Acute dystonias [10] – muscle spasms and sustained abnormal postures and onset occurs within a few days; can be treated with anticholinergics
Seventy-four percent were using Suboxone to ease withdrawal symptoms while sixty-four percent were using it because they couldn’t afford drug treatment. The researchers noted: “Common reasons given for not being currently enrolled in a buprenorphine/naloxone program included cost and unavailability of prescribing physicians.”
These drugs have antipsychotic and, often, antiemetic properties, although they may also cause severe side effects such as extrapyramidal symptoms (including akathisia and tardive dyskinesia), hyperprolactinaemia, and the rare but potentially fatal neuroleptic malignant syndrome, as well as substantial weight gain. [4]