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Grading in education is the application of standardized measurements to evaluate different levels of student achievement in a course. Grades can be expressed as letters (usually A to F), as a range (for example, 1 to 6), percentages, or as numbers out of a possible total (often out of 100).
Regardless of the absolute performance of the students, the best score in the group receives a top grade and the worst score receives a failing grade. Numerical values in America are applied to grades as shown below: A = 4; B = 3; C = 2; D = 1; This allows grades to be easily averaged.
Colleges often use class rank as a factor in college admissions, although because of differences in grading standards between schools, admissions officers have begun to attach less weight to this factor, both for granting admission, and for awarding scholarships.
By contrast, the National Children's Reading Foundation believes that it is essential to assure that virtually all children read at or above grade level by third grade, a goal which cannot be achieved with a norm-referenced definition of grade level. [11] Norms do not automatically imply a standard. A norm-referenced test does not seek to ...
Elementary schools typically operated grades Kindergarten through 6; the junior high school, often housed in the same building as the senior high school, then covered grades 7 through 9; and the senior high school operated grades 10 through 12. At the same time, grade 9 marked the beginning of high school for the purpose of GPA calculation.
To receive the President's Award for Educational Excellence, students must be enrolled in elementary, middle, or high school, they must meet a minimum Grade Point Average (GPA) of 3.5. They must reach certain levels on state tests, or receive a recommendation from a teacher, as well as a strong production of academic excellence. [2]
In educational measurement, a range of percentile ranks, often appearing on a score report, shows the range within which the test taker's "true" percentile rank probably occurs. The "true" value refers to the rank the test taker would obtain if there were no random errors involved in the testing process. [2]
The racial achievement gap in the United States refers to disparities in educational achievement between differing ethnic/racial groups. [1] It manifests itself in a variety of ways: African-American and Hispanic students are more likely to earn lower grades, score lower on standardized tests, drop out of high school, and they are less likely to enter and complete college than whites, while ...