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Furfural is an organic compound with the formula C 4 H 3 OCHO. It is a colorless liquid, although commercial samples are often brown. It is a colorless liquid, although commercial samples are often brown.
Furfuryl alcohol is manufactured industrially by hydrogenation of furfural, which is itself typically produced from waste bio-mass such as corncobs or sugar cane bagasse. As such furfuryl alcohol may be considered a green chemical. [5] One-pot systems have been investigated to produce furfuryl alcohol directly from xylose using solid acid ...
However, the high cost of the two-stage impregnation prevented the production of furfurylated wood at market-demanded prices. [7] In 1997, Wood Polymer Technologies ASA in Norway was founded in an attempt to build a pilot plant for a single stage production process. [8] From 2000 onwards, furfurylated wood has been marketed in the US and Europe.
Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), also known as 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural, is an organic compound formed by the dehydration of reducing sugars. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] It is a white low-melting solid (although commercial samples are often yellow) which is highly soluble in both water and organic solvents.
5-Hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone is a furanone derived from oxidation of furfural using singlet oxygen. [1] [2] This oxidation is carried out generally in methanol or ethanol with a sensitizer like methylene blue or Rose bengal. The mechanism of this reaction is depicted as below.
5-Methylfurfural is an organic compound with the formula C 6 H 6 O 2.An aldehyde that is derived through various extractions and reductions from cellulose products, [5] [6] it has applications as a synthetic intermediate [7] relevant to the fields of medicine, agriculture and cosmetics. [8]
The current industrial route involves the Cannizaro reaction of furfural in an aqueous NaOH solution. This is a disproportionation reaction and produces a 1:1 ratio of 2-furoic acid and furfuryl alcohol (a 50% yield of each). [ 6 ]
Furfurylamine is an aromatic amine typically formed by the reductive amination of furfural with ammonia. [1] The pharmaceutical drug furtrethonium, a parasympathomimetic cholinergic, is a trimethyl ammonium derivative of furfurylamine. Furfurylamine also has use in the synthesis of Barmastine.