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  2. Formwork - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formwork

    The formwork stays in place after the concrete has cured and acts as axial and shear reinforcement, as well as serving to confine the concrete and prevent against environmental effects, such as corrosion and freeze-thaw cycles. Flexible formwork. In contrast to the rigid moulds described above, flexible formwork is a system that uses ...

  3. Hall–Héroult process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hall–Héroult_process

    The Hall–Héroult process is the major industrial process for smelting aluminium.It involves dissolving aluminium oxide (alumina) (obtained most often from bauxite, aluminium's chief ore, through the Bayer process) in molten cryolite and electrolyzing the molten salt bath, typically in a purpose-built cell.

  4. Cast-in-place concrete - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cast-in-place_concrete

    Animation depicting construction of multi-story building using aluminum handset formwork. Steel and plywood formwork for poured in place concrete foundation. Cast-in-place concrete or Cast-in-situ concrete is a technology of construction of buildings where walls and slabs of the buildings are cast at the site in formwork. [1]

  5. Aluminium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium

    Aluminium (or aluminum in North American English) is a chemical element; it has symbol Al and atomic number 13. Aluminium has a density lower than that of other common metals, about one-third that of steel. It has a great affinity towards oxygen, forming a protective layer of oxide on the surface when exposed to air.

  6. History of aluminium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_aluminium

    Aluminium (or aluminum) metal is very rare in native form, and the process to refine it from ores is complex, so for most of human history it was unknown. However, the compound alum has been known since the 5th century BCE and was used extensively by the ancients for dyeing .

  7. Oligodynamic effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligodynamic_effect

    Aluminium has been found to compete with iron and magnesium and bind to DNA, membranes, or cell walls, leading to its toxic effect on microbes, such as cyanobacteria, soil bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi. [4] Aluminium triacetate (Burow's solution) is used as an astringent mild antiseptic. [5]

  8. Silo - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silo

    Coal silo under construction using aluminum concrete formwork. There are different types of cement silos such as the low-level mobile silo and the static upright cement silo, which are used to hold and discharge cement and other powder materials such as pulverised fuel ash (PFA). The low-level silos are fully mobile with capacities from 100 to ...

  9. Biological roles of the elements - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_roles_of_the...

    Aluminum warrants special mention because it is the most abundant metal and the third most abundant element in the Earth's crust; [3] despite this, it is not essential for life. With this sole exception, the eight most highly abundant elements in the Earth's crust , making up over 90% of the crustal mass, [ 3 ] are also essential for life.