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Hafele and Keating aboard a commercial airliner, with two of the atomic clocks One of the actual HP 5061A Cesium Beam atomic clock units used in the Hafele–Keating experiment. The Hafele–Keating experiment was a test of the theory of relativity. In 1971, [1] Joseph C. Hafele, a physicist, and Richard E. Keating, an astronomer, took four ...
Joseph Carl Hafele (25 July 1933 – 15 November 2014) was an American physicist best known for the Hafele–Keating experiment, [1] a test of Einstein's theory of general relativity. [ 2 ] Hafele was an apprentice welder when he was drafted to serve in the army during the Korean War.
Richard E. Keating (29 May 1941 – 5 Oct 2006) was an American astronomer best known for the Hafele–Keating experiment, [1] [2] a test of Einstein's theory of relativity [3] performed while he was working at the United States Naval Observatory.
Results of the Frisch–Smith experiment. Curves computed for M N e w t o n {\displaystyle M_{\mathrm {Newton} }} and M S R {\displaystyle M_{\mathrm {SR} }} . If no time dilation exists, then those muons should decay in the upper regions of the atmosphere, however, as a consequence of time dilation they are present in considerable amount also ...
Gravitational time dilation has been experimentally measured using atomic clocks on airplanes, such as the Hafele–Keating experiment. The clocks aboard the airplanes were slightly faster than clocks on the ground. The effect is significant enough that the Global Positioning System's artificial satellites need to have their clocks corrected. [13]
Hafele–Keating experiment, comparing the drift in cesium beam atomic clocks on airplanes. Hughes–Drever experiment, comparing energy levels of nucleons or electrons; Optical cavity tests, comparing laser frequencies; Pound–Rebka experiment, comparing clock rates to test gravitational redshift
Background Chlorine and caustic soda are produced at chlor-alkali plants using mercury cells or the increasingly popular membrane technology that is mercury free and more energy-
The Hafele–Keating experiment is also recognized as a counterpart to Sagnac effect physics. [38] In the actual Hafele–Keating experiment [39] the mode of transport (long-distance flights) gave rise to time dilation effects of its own, and calculations were needed to separate the various contributions. For the (theoretical) case of clocks ...