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The history of modems is the attempt at increasing the bit rate over a fixed bandwidth (and therefore a fixed maximum symbol rate), leading to increasing bits per symbol. For example, ITU-T V.29 specifies 4 bits per symbol, at a symbol rate of 2,400 baud, giving an effective bit rate of 9,600 bits per second.
For example: The code rate of a convolutional code will ... implying that it is synonymous with net bit rate or useful bit rate exclusive of error-correction codes. ...
The physical layer net bitrate, [12] information rate, [6] useful bit rate, [13] payload rate, [14] net data transfer rate, [9] coded transmission rate, [7] effective data rate [7] or wire speed (informal language) of a digital communication channel is the capacity excluding the physical layer protocol overhead, for example time division ...
For example, Compact Disc Digital Audio and Digital Audio Tape systems use different sampling rates, and American television, European television, and movies all use different frame rates. Sample-rate conversion prevents changes in speed and pitch that would otherwise occur when transferring recorded material between such systems. More specific ...
The ratio is not necessarily an integer; in 4B3T coding, the bit rate is 4 / 3 of the baud rate. (A typical basic rate interface with a 160 kbit/s raw data rate operates at 120 kBd.) Codes with many symbols, and thus a bit rate higher than the symbol rate, are most useful on channels such as telephone lines with a limited bandwidth but ...
Sample rate Bit rate Bits per sample Latency CBR VBR Stereo Multichannel G.711: companding A-law or μ-law, PCM: 8 kHz 64 kbit/s 8 bit 125 μs (typical) Yes No No No G.711.0: Lossless compression of G.711: 8 kHz 0.2–65.6 kbit/s 8 bit 5–40 ms No Yes No No G.711.1: MDCT, A-law, μ-law: 8, 16 kHz 64, 80, 96 kbit/s 16 bit 11.875 ms Yes Yes No No
Each companded sample is quantized as 8 bits, resulting in a 64 kbit/s bit rate. G.711 is a required standard in many technologies, such as in the H.320 and H.323 standards. [ 1 ] It can also be used for fax communication over IP networks (as defined in T.38 specification).
The ISQ symbols for the bit and byte are bit and B, respectively.In the context of data-rate units, one byte consists of 8 bits, and is synonymous with the unit octet.The abbreviation bps is often used to mean bit/s, so that when a 1 Mbps connection is advertised, it usually means that the maximum achievable bandwidth is 1 Mbit/s (one million bits per second), which is 0.125 MB/s (megabyte per ...