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Crystal structure of CH 3 NH 3 PbX 3 perovskites (X=I, Br and/or Cl). The methylammonium cation (CH 3 NH 3 +) is surrounded by PbX 6 octahedra. [13]The name "perovskite solar cell" is derived from the ABX 3 crystal structure of the absorber materials, referred to as perovskite structure, where A and B are cations and X is an anion.
Module and cell prices declined even further after 2014 (see price quotes in table). This price trend was seen as evidence supporting Swanson's law (an observation similar to the famous Moore's Law) that states that the per-watt cost of solar cells and panels fall by 20 percent for every doubling of cumulative photovoltaic production. [44]
Organometal perovskite light absorbers toward a 20% efficiency low-cost solid-state mesoscopic solar cell, J. Phys. Chem. Letters, 4, 2423 (2013) (Cover) Lead iodide perovskite sensitized all-solid-state submicron thin film mesoscopic solar cell with efficiency exceeding 9%, Scientific Reports (Nature Publishing), 2, 591 (2012) Highly cited article
This means that most solar cell manufacturers are currently equipped to produce this type of solar cells. Consequently, a large body of research is being done all over the world to manufacture silicon wafer-based solar cells at lower cost and to increase the conversion efficiencies without an exorbitant increase in production cost.
Solar-cell efficiencies of laboratory-scale devices using these materials have increased from 3.8% in 2009 [125] to 25.7% in 2021 in single-junction architectures, [126] [127] and, in silicon-based tandem cells, to 29.8%, [126] [128] exceeding the maximum efficiency achieved in single-junction silicon solar cells. Perovskite solar cells have ...
Solar cell efficiency of perovskite solar cells have increased from 3.8% in 2009 [47] to 25.2% in 2020 in single-junction architectures, [48] and, in silicon-based tandem cells, to 29.1%, [48] exceeding the maximum efficiency achieved in single-junction silicon solar cells. [additional citation(s) needed]
A paper titled "Ageing effects of perovskite solar cells under different environmental factors and electrical load conditions" published in 2018 in the journal [2] corresponded to a paper previously published in the journal Nature Energy as "Systematic investigation of the impact of operation conditions on the degradation behaviour of perovskite solar cells". [3]
The technique offers the potential of low cost because of the low temperature solution methods and the absence of rare elements. Cell durability is currently insufficient for commercial use. [45] However, the solar cells are prone to degradation due to volatility of the organic [CH 3 NH 3] + I − salt.