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  2. Stoichiometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoichiometry

    Gas stoichiometry is the quantitative relationship (ratio) between reactants and products in a chemical reaction with reactions that produce gases. Gas stoichiometry applies when the gases produced are assumed to be ideal, and the temperature, pressure, and volume of the gases are all known. The ideal gas law is used for these calculations.

  3. List of unsolved problems in chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems...

    Protein folding problem: Is it possible to predict the secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure of a polypeptide sequence based solely on the sequence and environmental information? Inverse protein-folding problem: Is it possible to design a polypeptide sequence which will adopt a given structure under certain environmental conditions?

  4. Problem set - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem_set

    A problem set, sometimes shortened as pset, [1] is a teaching tool used by many universities. Most courses in physics , math , engineering , chemistry , and computer science will give problem sets on a regular basis. [ 2 ]

  5. Law of mass action - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_mass_action

    The generalisation of the law of mass action, in terms of affinity, to equilibria of arbitrary stoichiometry was a bold and correct conjecture. The hypothesis that reaction rate is proportional to reactant concentrations is, strictly speaking, only true for elementary reactions (reactions with a single mechanistic step), but the empirical rate ...

  6. Benedict's reagent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedict's_reagent

    Generally, Benedict's test detects the presence of aldehyde groups, alpha-hydroxy-ketones, and hemiacetals, including those that occur in certain ketoses. In example, although the ketose fructose is not strictly a reducing sugar, it is an alpha-hydroxy-ketone which results to a positive test because the base component of Benedict converts it ...

  7. 10 Hard Math Problems That Even the Smartest People in the ...

    www.aol.com/10-hard-math-problems-even-150000090...

    Here’s another problem that’s very easy to write, but hard to solve. All you need to recall is the definition of rational numbers. Rational numbers can be written in the form p/q, where p and ...

  8. Chemical reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_reaction

    Based on this idea and the atomic theory of John Dalton, Joseph Proust had developed the law of definite proportions, which later resulted in the concepts of stoichiometry and chemical equations. [9] Regarding the organic chemistry, it was long believed that compounds obtained from living organisms were too complex to be obtained synthetically.

  9. Air–fuel ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air–fuel_ratio

    Air–fuel equivalence ratio, λ (lambda), is the ratio of actual AFR to stoichiometry for a given mixture. λ = 1.0 is at stoichiometry, rich mixtures λ < 1.0, and lean mixtures λ > 1.0. There is a direct relationship between λ and AFR. To calculate AFR from a given λ, multiply the measured λ by the stoichiometric AFR for that fuel.