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If the sound source is 340 meters from the microphone, then the sound arrives approximately 1 second later than the light. The AV-sync delay increases with distance. During mixing of video clips normally either the audio or video needs to be delayed so they are synchronized. The AV-sync delay is static but can vary with the individual clip.
Latency refers to a short period of delay (usually measured in milliseconds) between when an audio signal enters a system, and when it emerges.Potential contributors to latency in an audio system include analog-to-digital conversion, buffering, digital signal processing, transmission time, digital-to-analog conversion, and the speed of sound in the transmission medium.
Delay is an audio signal processing technique that records an input signal to a storage medium and then plays it back after a period of time. When the delayed playback is mixed with the live audio, it creates an echo-like effect, whereby the original audio is heard followed by the delayed audio.
Block diagram of the signal-flow for a common feedback loop [1]: 118 . Audio feedback (also known as acoustic feedback, simply as feedback) is a positive feedback situation that may occur when an acoustic path exists between an audio output (for example, a loudspeaker) and its audio input (for example, a microphone or guitar pickup).
If the delay is fairly significant (more than a few hundred milliseconds), it is considered annoying. If the delay is very small (tens of milliseconds or less [3]), the phenomenon is called sidetone. If the delay is slightly longer, around 50 milliseconds, humans cannot hear the echo as a distinct sound, but instead hear a chorus effect. [3]
Audio signal flow is the path an audio signal takes from source to output. [1] The concept of audio signal flow is closely related to the concept of audio gain staging; each component in the signal flow can be thought of as a gain stage. In typical home stereo systems, the signal flow is usually short and simple, with only a few components.
The Eventide Instant Flanger from 1975 is an early example of a studio device that was able to successfully simulate tape flanging using bucket-brigades to create the audio delay. [13] The flanging effect in most newer digital flangers relies on DSP technology.
Unfortunately, video delays frequently make quick and large changes, for example, a jump in delay time from 2 seconds to 6 seconds is possible. To maintain proper audio-video sync, the audio delay must track these video delay changes. Changing the audio delay requires changing the difference between the write address and the read address.