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A 2017 report from the Bureau of Justice Statistics noted that 54.3% of prisoners and 35% of jail inmates who had experienced serious psychological distress in the past 30 days have received mental health treatment since admission to the current facility, and 63% of prisoners and 44.5% of jail inmates with a history of a mental health problem ...
While incarcerated, prisoners face higher rates of chronic and infectious diseases, mental illness, and substance use disorders. [31] After release, the difficulties faced during reentry exacerbate these health conditions, which is demonstrated by a link between incarceration history and poorer physical and mental health.
The recidivism rate in California as of 2008–2009 is 61%. [74] Recidivism has reduced slightly in California from the years of 2002 to 2009 by 5.2%. [74] However, California still has one of the highest recidivism rates in the nation. This high recidivism rate contributes greatly to the overcrowding of jails and prisons in California. [75]
Decarceration includes overlapping reformist and abolitionist strategies, from "front door" options such as sentencing reform, decriminalization, diversion and mental health treatment to "back door" approaches, exemplified by parole reform and early release into re-entry programs, [5] amnesty for inmates convicted of non-violent offenses and imposition of prison capacity limits. [6]
According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, over half of all prisoners in 2005 had experienced mental illness as identified by "a recent history or symptoms of a mental health problem"; of this population, jail inmates experienced the highest rates of symptoms of mental illness at 60 percent, followed by 49 percent of state prisoners and 40 ...
Lack of stable housing and resources to combat mental health and drug and alcohol abuse create obstacles for formerly incarcerated to successfully reintegrate. [33] Former prisoners are incarcerated multiple times, increasing recidivism rates, because of many factors that often do not include real crime.
When changed, they predict changes in reoffending rates. Therefore, interventions should target these individual needs for the best results. Responsivity principle: Thirdly, different modes of intervention differ in their effectiveness of reducing recidivism. Generally, behavioural and cognitive-behavioural interventions are preferred.
In Norway a focus on preparation for societal re-entry has yielded "one of the lowest recidivism rates in the world at 20%, [while] the US has one of the highest: 76.6% of [American] prisoners are re-arrested within five years". [74] The Swedish incarceration rate decreased by 6% between 2011 and 2012. [75]