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Noise reduction, the recovery of the original signal from the noise-corrupted one, is a very common goal in the design of signal processing systems, especially filters. The mathematical limits for noise removal are set by information theory .
The noise is a summation of unwanted or disturbing energy from natural and sometimes man-made sources. Noise is, however, typically distinguished from interference, [a] for example in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) and signal-to-noise plus interference ratio (SNIR) measures.
Signal to noise ratio may be abbreviated as SNR and less commonly as S/N. PSNR stands for peak signal-to-noise ratio. GSNR stands for geometric signal-to-noise ratio. [ 13 ] SINR is the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio .
In signal processing, white noise is a random signal having equal intensity at different frequencies, giving it a constant power spectral density. [1] The term is used with this or similar meanings in many scientific and technical disciplines, including physics , acoustical engineering , telecommunications , and statistical forecasting .
A minimum detectable signal is a signal at the input of a system whose power allows it to be detected over the background electronic noise of the detector system. It can alternately be defined as a signal that produces a signal-to-noise ratio of a given value m at the output. In practice, m is usually chosen to be greater than unity.
Phase noise measured by signal source analyzer (SSA). The SSA shows the positive part of the phase noise. In this picture there is a phase noise of the main carrier, 3 other signals and "noise hill". A weak signal disappears in the phase noise of the stronger signal
White noise has a flat power spectrum. White noise is a signal (or process), named by analogy to white light, with a flat frequency spectrum when plotted as a linear function of frequency (e.g., in Hz).
The signal-to-noise and distortion ratio (SINAD) is a measure of the quality of a signal from a communications device, often defined as = + + +, where is the average power of the signal, noise and distortion components.