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A number of criteria can be employed for identifying objects, e.g.: [8] 1. Subject of passive sentence: Most objects in active sentences can become the subject in the corresponding passive sentences. [9] 2. Position occupied: In languages with strict word order, the subject and the object tend to occupy set positions in unmarked declarative ...
A sentence may also be broken down by functional parts: subject, object, adverbial, verb (predicator). [6] The subject is the owner of an action, the verb represents the action, the object represents the recipient of the action, and the adverbial qualifies the action. The various parts can be phrases rather than individual words.
For example, the sentence The window was broken may have two different meanings and might be ambiguous: The window was broken, i.e. Someone or something broke the window. (action, event) The window was broken, i.e. The window was not intact. (resultant state) The first sentence is an example of the canonical English passive as described above.
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More specifically, the verb is one that is ordinarily intransitive (lacking any object), and the cognate object is simply the verb's noun form. For example, in the sentence He slept a troubled sleep, sleep is the cognate object of the verb slept. This construction also has a passive form. The passive is A troubled sleep was slept by him.
An incomplete sentence, or sentence fragment, is a set of words that does not form a complete sentence, either because it does not express a complete thought or because it lacks some grammatical element, such as a subject or a verb. [6] [7] A dependent clause without an independent clause is an example of an incomplete sentence.
Traditionally, they are partly identified by terms such as subject and object. Their distribution in a clause is partly indicated by traditional terms defining verbs as transitive or intransitive . Modern English reference grammars are in broad agreement as to a full inventory, but are not unanimous in their terminology or their classification.
These noun phrases are not called predicate nouns, but are instead called direct objects because they refer to the object that is being acted upon. For example: "My friend read the newspaper." "The teenager earned a speeding ticket." A way to identify a transitive verb is to invert the sentence, making it passive.