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A brown-water navy or riverine navy, in the broadest sense, is a naval force capable of military operations in littoral zone waters. [1] The term originated in the United States Navy during the American Civil War, when it referred to Union forces patrolling the muddy Mississippi River, and has since been used to describe the small gunboats and patrol boats commonly used in rivers, along with ...
The brown water environment starts from the shoreline through to the end of the continental shelf. A brown-water navy focuses on littoral operations and primarily takes a defensive role. "Brown water" or "brown ocean" is also used by meteorologists to refer to intertidal wetlands where the border between the ocean and dry land is not clear-cut.
A landlocked navy is a naval force operated by a country that does not have a coastline. While these states are unable to develop a sea-going, blue-water navy, they may still deploy armed forces on major lakes or rivers. Such forces are often referred to as brown-water navies.
Navy Riverine units conduct brown water operations on inland waters such as rivers and lakes and can also conduct green water littoral operations along the coasts. The development of a robust Navy and Army riverine warfare capability during the Vietnam War produced the forerunner to the modern special warfare combatant-craft crewman.
The term "blue-water navy" is a maritime geographical term in contrast with "brown-water navy" (littoral waters and near to shore) and "green-water navy" (near to shore and open oceans). The Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency of the United States has defined the blue-water navy as "a maritime force capable of sustained operation ...
It is a relatively new term, and has been created to better distinguish, and add nuance, between two long-standing descriptors: blue-water navy (deep waters of open oceans) and brown-water navy (littoral waters and near to shore). As a non-doctrinal term with no concrete legal or political definition, it can be used in several different ways.
The Patrol Craft Fast (PCF), [7] also known as Swift Boat, [7] were all-aluminum, 50-foot (15 m) long, shallow-draft vessels operated by the United States Navy, initially to patrol the coastal areas and later for work in the interior waterways as part of the brown-water navy [8] to interdict Vietcong movement of arms and munitions, transport South Vietnamese forces and insert SEAL teams for ...
The Mississippi River Squadron was the Union brown-water naval squadron that operated on the western rivers during the American Civil War.It was initially created as a part of the Union Army, although it was commanded by naval officers, and was then known as the Western Gunboat Flotilla and sometimes as the Mississippi Flotilla.