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Isocaproic acid, also known as 4-methylpentanoic acid or 4-methylvaleric acid, is a carboxylic acid of five carbons with methyl substitution at the fourth carbon.
α-Ketoisocaproic acid (α-KIC), also known as 4-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid, and its conjugate base and carboxylate, α-ketoisocaproate, are metabolic intermediates in the metabolic pathway for L-leucine. [2] Leucine is an essential amino acid, and its degradation is critical for many biological duties.
[4] [6] [7] Omega-3-acid ethyl esters are taken by mouth. [4] Common side effects include burping, nausea, and an upset abdomen. [4] [6] Serious side effects may include liver problems and anaphylaxis. [4] While use in pregnancy has not been well studied, some omega−3 fatty acids appear beneficial. [1] How it works is not entirely clear. [4]
PRL-8-53 is a nootropic substituted phenethylamine that has been shown to act as a hypermnesic drug in humans; it was first synthesized by medical chemistry professor Nikolaus Hansl at Creighton University in the 1970s as part of his work on amino ethyl meta benzoic acid esters. [1] [2]
Valeric acid or pentanoic acid is a straight-chain alkyl carboxylic acid with the chemical formula CH 3 (CH 2) 3 COOH. Like other low-molecular-weight carboxylic acids, it has an unpleasant odor. It is found in the perennial flowering plant Valeriana officinalis, from which it gets its name. Its primary use is in the synthesis of its esters.
The terms ω−3 ("omega−3") fatty acid and n−3 fatty acid are derived from the nomenclature of organic chemistry. [ 2 ] [ 20 ] One way in which an unsaturated fatty acid is named is determined by the location, in its carbon chain, of the double bond which is closest to the methyl end of the molecule. [ 20 ]
n-3 DPA is an n-3 fatty acid with the trivial name clupanodonic acid.It is an intermediate compound between eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA 5,8,11,14,17-20:5n-3 or timnodonic acid) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA 4,7,10,13,16,19-22:6n-3 or cervonic acid) in the metabolic pathway of DHA in eucaryotes.
Meprobamate—marketed as Miltown by Wallace Laboratories and Equanil by Wyeth, among others—is a carbamate derivative used as an anxiolytic drug. It was the best-selling minor tranquilizer for a time, but has largely been replaced by the benzodiazepines due to their wider therapeutic index (lower risk of toxicity at therapeutically prescribed doses) and lower incidence of serious side effects.