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Mass fraction, % Volume concentration, % Mass concentration, g/(100 ml) at 15.56 °C Density relative to 4 °C water [citation needed] Density at 20 °C relative to 20 °C water Density at 25 °C relative to 25 °C water Freezing temperature, °C 10 °C 20 °C 25 °C 30 °C 0.0: 0.0: 0.0: 0.99973: 0.99823: 0.99708: 0.99568: 1.00000: 1.00000: 0 ...
In solution chemistry, it is common to use H + as an abbreviation for the solvated hydrogen ion, regardless of the solvent. In aqueous solution H + denotes a solvated hydronium ion rather than a proton. [9] [10] The designation of an acid or base as "conjugate" depends on the context. The conjugate acid BH + of a base B dissociates according to
A simple buffer solution consists of a solution of an acid and a salt of the conjugate base of the acid. For example, the acid may be acetic acid and the salt may be sodium acetate . The Henderson–Hasselbalch equation relates the pH of a solution containing a mixture of the two components to the acid dissociation constant , K a of the acid ...
Trifluoroethanol is produced industrially by hydrogenation or the hydride reduction of derivatives of trifluoroacetic acid, such as the esters or acyl chloride. [1]TFE can also be prepared by hydrogenolysis of compounds of generic formula CF 3 −CHOH−OR (where R is hydrogen or an alkyl group containing from one to eight carbon atoms), in the presence of a palladium containing catalyst ...
In solution, there is an equilibrium between the acid, , and the products of dissociation. H A ⇌ H + + A − {\displaystyle \mathrm {HA} \rightleftharpoons \mathrm {H^{+}+A^{-}} } The solvent (e.g. water) is omitted from this expression when its concentration is effectively unchanged by the process of acid dissociation.
Ethanol (also called ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol, drinking alcohol, or simply alcohol) is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH 3 CH 2 OH. It is an alcohol, with its formula also written as C 2 H 5 OH, C 2 H 6 O or EtOH, where Et stands for ethyl. Ethanol is a volatile, flammable, colorless liquid with a characteristic wine-like ...
A second method for producing butanol involves the Reppe reaction of propylene with CO and water: [11] CH 3 CH=CH 2 + H 2 O + 2 CO → CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 OH + CO 2. In former times, butanol was prepared from crotonaldehyde, which can be obtained from acetaldehyde. Butanol can also be produced by fermentation of biomass by bacteria.
1-Propanol (also propan-1-ol, propanol, n-propyl alcohol) is a primary alcohol with the formula CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OH and sometimes represented as PrOH or n-PrOH.It is a colourless liquid and an isomer of 2-propanol. 1-Propanol is used as a solvent in the pharmaceutical industry, mainly for resins and cellulose esters, and, sometimes, as a disinfecting agent.