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In software engineering, containerization is operating-system–level virtualization or application-level virtualization over multiple network resources so that software applications can run in isolated user spaces called containers in any cloud or non-cloud environment, regardless of type or vendor. [1]
Vagrant is a source-available software product for building and maintaining portable virtual software development environments; [5] e.g., for VirtualBox, KVM, Hyper-V, Docker containers, VMware, Parallels, and AWS. It tries to simplify the software configuration management of virtualization in order to increase development productivity.
Singularity is a free and open-source computer program that performs operating-system-level virtualization also known as containerization. [4]One of the main uses of Singularity is to bring containers and reproducibility to scientific computing and the high-performance computing (HPC) world.
The latter had been a separate software package in earlier history. By 2007 the term Solaris Containers came to mean a Solaris Zone combined with resource management controls. Later, there was a gradual move such that Solaris Containers specifically referred to non-global zones, with or without additional Resource Management.
Containers emerged as a way to make software portable. The container contains all the packages needed to run a service. The provided file system makes containers extremely portable and easy to use in development. A container can be moved from development to test or production with no or relatively few configuration changes.
OS-level virtualization is an operating system (OS) virtualization paradigm in which the kernel allows the existence of multiple isolated user space instances, including containers (LXC, Solaris Containers, AIX WPARs, HP-UX SRP Containers, Docker, Podman), zones (Solaris Containers), virtual private servers (), partitions, virtual environments (VEs), virtual kernels (DragonFly BSD), and jails ...
The main classes of Docker objects are images, containers, and services. [22] A Docker container is a standardized, encapsulated environment that runs applications. [25] A container is managed using the Docker API or CLI. [22] A Docker image is a read-only template used to build containers. Images are used to store and ship applications. [22] A ...
OpenNebula is an open source cloud computing platform for managing heterogeneous data center, public cloud and edge computing infrastructure resources. OpenNebula manages on-premises and remote virtual infrastructure to build private, public, or hybrid implementations of infrastructure as a service (IaaS) and multi-tenant Kubernetes deployments.