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Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), also known as polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells, are a type of fuel cell being developed mainly for transport applications, as well as for stationary fuel-cell applications and portable fuel-cell applications. Their distinguishing features include lower temperature/pressure ranges (50 to ...
In presence of even a small amount of oxygen, singlet oxygen is formed during operation, by energy transfer from the excited polymer molecules to oxygen molecules. These oxygen radicals then attack the structure of the polymer, leading to its degradation. [citation needed] PPV has also been investigated as an electron-donor in organic solar ...
Microbial fuel cell: Polymer membrane or humic acid < 40: Research 10-50 Upflow microbial fuel cell (UMFC) < 40: Research 1-5 Regenerative fuel cell: Polymer membrane < 50: Commercial / Research 200-300 Direct methanol fuel cell: Polymer membrane (ionomer) 100 mW – 1 kW: 90–120: 20–30%: 10–25% [56] Commercial / Research 125 Reformed ...
The polymer electrolyte membrane, due to its solid structure, exhibits a low gas crossover rate resulting in very high product gas purity. [1] Maintaining a high gas purity is important for storage safety and for the direct usage in a fuel cell. The safety limits for H 2 in O 2 are at standard conditions 4 mol-% H 2 in O 2. [13]
High Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFC), also known as High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane fuel cells, are a type of PEM fuel cells which can be operated at temperatures between 120 and 200°C. [1] HT-PEM fuel cells are used for both stationary and portable applications. [2]
A protonic ceramic fuel cell or PCFC is a fuel cell based around a ceramic, solid, electrolyte material as the proton conductor from anode to cathode. [1] These fuel cells produce electricity by removing an electron from a hydrogen atom, pushing the charged hydrogen atom through the ceramic membrane, and returning the electron to the hydrogen ...
PTFE has a higher melting point and is more crystalline than PCTFE, but the latter is stronger and stiffer. Though PCTFE has excellent chemical resistance, it is still less than that of PTFE. [22] PCTFE has lower viscosity, higher tensile strength and creep resistance than PTFE. [1] PCTFE is injection-moldable and extrudable, whereas PTFE is ...
Melting point: 260 °C Maximum operating temperature 204 °C Water absorption (ASTM) <0.01 % after 24 hours Dielectric constant (Dk) at 1M Hz: 2.1 Dissipation factor at 1M Hz: 0.0007 Arc resistance < 300 seconds Resistivity at 50% R.H. > 10 16 Ω m