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In trust law, an express trust is a trust created "in express terms, and usually in writing, as distinguished from one inferred by the law from the conduct or dealings of the parties." [ 1 ] Property is transferred by a person (called a trustor, settlor , or grantor) to a transferee (called the trustee ), who holds the property for the benefit ...
Express trusts are those expressly declared by the settlor. Typically, this will be intended to create a trust, but there can be situations in which the settlor's intended actions create a trust accidentally, [1] as in Paul v Constance. [2] The creation of express trusts must involve four elements for the trust to be valid.
(b) title to the trust assets stands in the name of the trustee or in the name of another person on behalf of the trustee; (c) the trustee has the power and the duty, in respect of which he is accountable, to manage, employ or dispose of the assets in accordance with the terms of the trust and the special duties imposed upon him by law.
The creation of express trusts in English law must involve four elements for the trust to be valid: capacity, certainty, constitution and formality. Capacity refers to the settlor's ability to create a trust in the first place; generally speaking, anyone capable of holding property can create a trust. There are exceptions for statutory bodies ...
To be able to enforce the trust's terms, the courts also require reasonable certainty about which assets were entrusted, and which people were meant to be the trust's beneficiaries. English law, unlike that of some offshore tax havens and of the United States, requires that a trust have at least one beneficiary unless it is a "charitable trust".
Strictly speaking, the Grantor of a trust is merely the person creating the trust, [12] usually by executing a trust agreement which details the terms and conditions of the trust. Such a trust can be revocable or irrevocable. A revocable trust is one in which the settlor retains the ability to alter, change or even revoke the trust at any time ...
The name resulting trust comes from the Latin resultare, meaning to spring back.It was defined in Re Sick and Funeral Society of St John's Sunday School, Golcar, [2] where Megarry VC stated that "A resulting trust is essentially a property concept; any property that a man does not effectually dispose of remains his own". [1]
After executing a trust agreement, the settlor should ensure that all assets are properly re-registered in the name of the living trust. If assets (especially higher value assets and real estate) remain outside of a trust, then a probate proceeding may be necessary to transfer the asset to the trust upon the death of the testator.