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Important drug interactions are rare. [38] [39] However, the most significant major drug interaction concern is the decreased activation of clopidogrel when taken together with omeprazole. [40] Although still controversial, [41] this may increase the risk of stroke or heart attack in people taking clopidogrel to prevent these events.
[55] [57] An interaction between PPIs and the metabolism of the platelet inhibitor clopidogrel is known and this drug is also often used in people with cardiac disease. [ 58 ] [ 59 ] [ 22 ] There are associations with an increased risk of stroke, but this appears to be more likely to occur in people who already have an elevated risk.
When two drugs affect each other, it is a drug–drug interaction (DDI). The risk of a DDI increases with the number of drugs used. [1] A large share of elderly people regularly use five or more medications or supplements, with a significant risk of side-effects from drug–drug interactions. [2] Drug interactions can be of three kinds ...
A derivative of timoprazole, omeprazole, was discovered in 1979, and was the first of a new class of drug that control acid secretion in the stomach, a proton pump inhibitor (PPI). [11] [12] Addition of 5-methoxy-substitution to the benzimidazole moiety of omeprazole was also made and gave the compound much more stability at neutral pH. [6]
Cimetidine was the prototypical histamine H 2 receptor antagonist from which later drugs were developed. Cimetidine was the culmination of a project at Smith, Kline & French (SK&F; now GlaxoSmithKline) by James W. Black, C. Robin Ganellin, and others to develop a histamine receptor antagonist that would suppress stomach acid secretion.
Serious side effects may include angioedema, Clostridioides difficile infection, and pneumonia. [11] Use in pregnancy appears to be safe, while safety during breastfeeding is unclear. [3] Esomeprazole is the (S)-(−)-enantiomer (or less specifically the S-isomer) of omeprazole. [11] It works by blocking H + /K +-ATPase in the parietal cells of ...
Gastric adverse effects may be reduced by taking medications that suppress acid production such as proton pump inhibitors (e.g.: omeprazole and esomeprazole), or by treatment with a drug that mimics prostaglandin in order to restore the lining of the GI tract (e.g.: a prostaglandin analog misoprostol). [40]
Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Clinical trial number NCT03198507 for "ERADICATE Hp2 - Treating Helicobacter Pylori With RHB-105 Compared to Active Comparator (ERADICATE Hp2)" at ClinicalTrials.gov