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Myrrh (/ m ɜːr /; from an unidentified ancient Semitic language, see § Etymology) is a gum-resin extracted from a few small, thorny tree species of the Commiphora genus, belonging to the Burseraceae family. [1] Myrrh resin has been used throughout history in medicine, perfumery, and incenses.
The frankincense and myrrh trees were crucial to the economy of Yemen and were recognized as a source of wealth by its rulers. [8] Recent exploration discovered an ancient trade route through eastern Yemen in the Mahra region. [9] Tiglath-Pileser III attacked Gaza in order to control trade along the Incense Route. [10]
The Latin Myrrha originated from the Ancient Greek múrrā, but, ultimately, the word is of Semitic origin, with roots in the Arabic murr, the Hebrew mōr, and the Aramaic mūrā, all meaning "bitter" [5] as well as referring to the plant. [6] [7] Regarding smyrna, the word is a Greek dialectic form of myrrha. [8]
The Neolithic founder crops (or primary domesticates) are the eight plant species that were domesticated by early Holocene (Pre-Pottery Neolithic A and Pre-Pottery Neolithic B) farming communities in the Fertile Crescent region of southwest Asia, and which formed the basis of systematic agriculture in the Middle East, North Africa, India ...
The name Africa was originally used by the ancient Romans to refer to the northern part of the continent that corresponds to modern-day Tunisia. There are many theories regarding its origin. Africa terra means "land of the Afri" (plural, or "Afer" singular), referring to the Afri tribe, who dwelt in Northern Africa around the area of Carthage.
The Burseraceae are also known as the torchwood family, [2] the frankincense and myrrh family, or simply the incense tree family. The family includes both trees and shrubs; its species are native to tropical regions of Africa, Asia, Australasia, and the Americas.
This relief depicts incense and myrrh trees obtained by Hatshepsut's expedition to Punt. At times, the ancient Egyptians called Punt Ta netjer , meaning "God's Land". [35] This referred to the fact that it was among the regions of the Sun God, that is, the regions located in the direction of the sunrise, to the East of Egypt. These eastern ...
Pharaonic records indicate this possession of myrrh as early as the First and Second dynasties (3100–2888 BC), which was also a prized product of the Horn of Africa Region; inscriptions and pictorial reliefs also indicate ivory, panther and other animal skins, myrrh-trees and ostrich feathers from the African coastal belt; and in the Fourth ...