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The equation relates values of the Riemann zeta function at the points s and 1 − s, in particular relating even positive integers with odd negative integers. Owing to the zeros of the sine function, the functional equation implies that ζ ( s ) has a simple zero at each even negative integer s = −2 n , known as the trivial zeros of ζ ( s ) .
Siegel derived it from the Riemann–Siegel integral formula, an expression for the zeta function involving contour integrals. It is often used to compute values of the Riemann–Siegel formula, sometimes in combination with the Odlyzko–Schönhage algorithm which speeds it up considerably.
Zeros of the Riemann zeta except negative even integers are called "nontrivial zeros". The Riemann hypothesis states that the real part of every nontrivial zero must be 1 / 2 . In other words, all known nontrivial zeros of the Riemann zeta are of the form z = 1 / 2 + yi where y is a real number.
The most famous example of a Dirichlet series is = =,whose analytic continuation to (apart from a simple pole at =) is the Riemann zeta function.. Provided that f is real-valued at all natural numbers n, the respective real and imaginary parts of the Dirichlet series F have known formulas where we write +:
In mathematics, the Z function is a function used for studying the Riemann zeta function along the critical line where the argument is one-half. It is also called the Riemann–Siegel Z function, the Riemann–Siegel zeta function, the Hardy function, the Hardy Z function and the Hardy zeta function.
The Riemann–Siegel formula used for calculating the Riemann zeta function with imaginary part T uses a finite Dirichlet series with about N = T 1/2 terms, so when finding about N values of the Riemann zeta function it is sped up by a factor of about T 1/2.
Leonhard Euler proved the Euler product formula for the Riemann zeta function in his thesis Variae observationes circa series infinitas (Various Observations about Infinite Series), published by St Petersburg Academy in 1737. [1] [2]
where ζ(s) is the Riemann zeta function (which is undefined for s = 1). The multiplicities of distinct prime factors of X are independent random variables. The Riemann zeta function being the sum of all terms for positive integer k, it appears thus as the normalization of the Zipf distribution. The terms "Zipf distribution" and the "zeta ...