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Royal Navy Sea Harriers flying in an echelon formation. In military aviation, tactical formation flying is the disciplined flight of two or more aircraft under the command of a flight leader. [11]: 6 Military pilots use tactical formations for mutual defense and concentration of firepower. [12]: Art 17.01
Tactical formations include: [2] [3] Forlorn hope; Formation flying; Box; Coil: Similar to the Herringbone formation, the coil formation allows for 360 degree security while at the halt. This type of formation is also used when refueling aircraft as well as during resupply. Sometimes platoon leaders also use it when briefing to platoon sergeants.
The tactical formation, however, is the twoship with hot spare (the English term is used), the third aircraft being released before reaching the target if none of the others had to be sent back earlier. The Kette (meaning chain) of three aircraft is a historic term. These terms refer to groups of aircraft only and are not used for ground units.
Four F-16s of the USAF 457th Fighter Squadron flying in a "Finger-four" formation. The finger-four formation (also known as the "four finger formation" and the "Fingertip Formation") is a flight formation used by fighter aircraft. It consists of four aircraft, and four of these formations can be combined into a squadron formation.
A United States Marine Corps F/A-18A Hornet engaged in air combat maneuvering training with IAI Kfir and F-5E Tiger II aggressors near Marine Corps Air Station Yuma in 1989. Air combat manoeuvring (ACM) is the tactic of moving, turning, and situating one's fighter aircraft in order to attain a position from which an attack can be made on another aircraft.
Thach carried out the first test of the tactic in combat during the Battle of Midway in June 1942, when a squadron of Zeroes attacked his flight of four Wildcats. Thach's wingman, Ensign R. A. M. Dibb, was attacked by a Japanese pilot and turned towards Thach, who dove under his wingman and fired at the incoming enemy aircraft's belly until its engine ignited.
Maneuvers are used to gain a better angular position in relation to the opponent. They can be offensive, to help an attacker gain an advantage on an enemy; or defensive, to help the defender evade an attacker's weapons. They can also be neutral, where both opponents strive for an offensive position or disengagement maneuvers, to help an escape.
Operational navigation phase (visual flight procedures, tactical route construction, precision aerobatics) Formation phase (ground school and flights used to introduce formation flying, tactical maneuvers, parade sequence, etc.) After graduating from Primary, SNFOs will select between multi crew aviation or strike aviation.