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  2. Why is there anything at all? - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Why_is_there_anything_at_all?

    Philosopher Brian Leftow has argued that the question cannot have a causal explanation (as any cause must itself have a cause) or a contingent explanation (as the factors giving the contingency must pre-exist), and that if there is an answer, it must be something that exists necessarily (i.e., something that just exists, rather than is caused ...

  3. Occam's razor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occam's_razor

    In philosophy, Occam's razor (also spelled Ockham's razor or Ocham's razor; Latin: novacula Occami) is the problem-solving principle that recommends searching for explanations constructed with the smallest possible set of elements.

  4. Nothing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nothing

    Nothing, no-thing, or no thing, is the complete absence of anything as the opposite of something and an antithesis of everything. The concept of nothing has been a matter of philosophical debate since at least the 5th century BC.

  5. Nihilism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilism

    For example, in a letter to the rector of Freiburg University of November 4, 1945, Heidegger, inspired by Jünger, tries to explain the notion of "God is dead" as the "reality of the Will to Power." Heidegger also praises Jünger for defending Nietzsche against a too biological or anthropological reading during the Nazi era. [92]

  6. Nietzschean affirmation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nietzschean_affirmation

    For nothing stands alone, either in ourselves or in things; and if our soul did but once vibrate and resound with a chord of happiness, then all of eternity was necessary to bring forth this one occurrence—and in this single moment when we said yes, all of eternity was embraced, redeemed, justified and affirmed.

  7. The Hardest Logic Puzzle Ever - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hardest_Logic_Puzzle_Ever

    results in the answer ja if the truthful answer to Q is yes, and the answer da if the truthful answer to Q is no (Rabern and Rabern (2008) call this result the embedded question lemma). The reason this works can be seen by studying the logical form of the expected answer to the question.

  8. Being and Nothingness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Being_and_Nothingness

    Explanation of terms based on appendix to the English edition of Being and Nothingness by translator Hazel Barnes [14] Being (être): Including both Being-in-itself and Being-for-itself (both as defined below), but the latter is the nihilation of the former. Being is objective, not subjective or individual.

  9. Omnipotence paradox - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omnipotence_paradox

    The follow on question "Then can he lift it?" assumes that the rock has already been created, so the correct answer would be "Assuming he makes the rock, no". And if asked "Is God thus not all powerful?", the correct answer would be "God is indeed all powerful until such time as the rock is created". The "Paradox" then is not really a paradox.