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NDIR sensors are most often used for measuring carbon dioxide. [2] The best of these have sensitivities of 20–50 PPM. [2] Typical NDIR sensors cost in the (US) $100 to $1000 range. NDIR CO 2 sensors are also used for dissolved CO 2 for applications such as beverage carbonation, pharmaceutical fermentation and CO 2 sequestration applications.
The carbon dioxide pressure of a sample gas or liquid equilibrates through the membrane and the glass electrode measures the resulting pH of the bicarbonate solution. Clark, galvanic, and paramagnetic electrodes measure oxygen. Severinghaus electrode measures CO 2. Sanz electrode measures pH. [2]
If the temperature and pressure are both increased from STP to be at or above the critical point for carbon dioxide, it can adopt properties midway between a gas and a liquid. More specifically, it behaves as a supercritical fluid above its critical temperature (304.128 K, 30.9780 °C, 87.7604 °F) [1] and critical pressure (7.3773 MPa, 72.808 ...
Sensors are usually designed so that the gas supply is limited by diffusion, and thus the output from the sensor is linearly proportional to the gas concentration. This linear output is one of the advantages of electrochemical sensors over other sensor technologies (e.g. infrared), whose output must be linearized before they can be used.
Liquid carbon dioxide is the liquid state of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), which cannot occur under atmospheric pressure. It can only exist at a pressure above 5.1 atm (5.2 bar; 75 psi), under 31.1 °C (88.0 °F) (temperature of critical point ) and above −56.6 °C (−69.9 °F) (temperature of triple point ). [ 1 ]
Carbon dioxide sensors are being installed into buildings as part of demand-controlled ventilation systems. Sophisticated gas sensor systems are being researched for use in medical diagnostic, monitoring, and treatment systems, well beyond their initial use in operating rooms. Gas monitors and alarms for carbon monoxide and other harmful gases ...
Colorimetric capnography is a qualitative measurement method that detects the presence of carbon dioxide (CO2, a relatively acidic gas) in a given gaseous environment. From a medical perspective, the method is usually applied by exposing litmus paper/film to an environment containing a patient's airway gases (i.e. placing it into their breathing circuit/airway circuit), where it will then ...
The author of the article, working in the US, did not even try to consider the use of gas cartridges more than twice. On the author's website, one can download a free computer program that allows one to calculate concentration of harmful substances immediately after the start of re-use of the cartridge (which allows one to determine if it is safe).
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