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Hydropower plants and dams are two examples of human ecosystem modification which contributes to loss of habitat as well as changes to channel morphology, river and floodplain connectivity and nutrient limitation. [16] Rates of extinction among freshwater bivalves are higher than those of terrestrial groups which share the same ecosystem. [15]
Freshwater molluscs are those members of the phylum Mollusca which live in freshwater habitats, both lotic (flowing water) such as rivers, streams, canals, springs, and cave streams (stygobite species) and lentic (still water) such as lakes, ponds (including temporary or vernal ponds), and ditches.
The taxonomic term Bivalvia was first used by Linnaeus in the 10th edition of his Systema Naturae in 1758 to refer to animals having shells composed of two valves. [3] More recently, the class was known as Pelecypoda, meaning "axe-foot" (based on the shape of the foot of the animal when extended).
The Bivalvia would comprise about 14% of the total and the other five classes less than 2% of the living molluscs. [21] In 2009, Chapman estimated the number of described living mollusc species at 85,000. [3] Haszprunar in 2001 estimated about 93,000 named species, [22] which include 23% of all named marine organisms. [23]
The mystery mollusks are hermaphrodites, which include both male and female reproductive organs. When it is time to release eggs, they descend and use their foot to temporarily attach to the seafloor.
Aquatic macroinvertebrates are insects in their nymph and larval stages, snails, worms, crayfish, and clams that spend at least part of their lives in water. These insects play a large role in freshwater ecosystems by recycling nutrients as well as providing food to higher trophic levels. Trichoptera larva
The class Gastropoda is a diverse and highly successful class of mollusks within the phylum Mollusca. It contains a vast total of named species, second only to the insects in overall number. The fossil history of this class goes back to the Late Cambrian .
Freshwater snails are gastropod mollusks that live in fresh water. There are many different families. They are found throughout the world in various habitats, ranging from ephemeral pools to the largest lakes, and from small seeps and springs to major rivers. The great majority of freshwater gastropods have a shell, with very few exceptions.