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  2. Cornerstone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornerstone

    A cornerstone (or foundation stone or setting stone) is the first stone set in the construction of a masonry foundation. All other stones will be set in reference to this stone, thus determining the position of the entire structure .

  3. Foundation (engineering) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foundation_(engineering)

    Foundation with pipe fixtures coming through the sleeves. In engineering, a foundation is the element of a structure which connects it to the ground or more rarely, water (as with floating structures), transferring loads from the structure to the ground. Foundations are generally considered either shallow or deep. [1]

  4. Batter board - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batter_board

    Batter boards (or battre boards, Sometimes mispronounced as "battle boads") are temporary frames, set beyond the corners of a planned foundation at precise elevations. These batter boards [1] are then used to hold layout lines (construction twine) to indicate the limits [2] (edges and corners) of the foundation.

  5. Glossary of structural engineering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_structural...

    The bearing capacity of soil is the maximum average contact pressure between the foundation and the soil which should not produce shear failure in the soil. Ultimate bearing capacity is the theoretical maximum pressure which can be supported without failure; allowable bearing capacity is the ultimate bearing capacity divided by a factor of ...

  6. Masonry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masonry

    A mason laying a brick on top of the mortar Bridge over the Isábena river in the Monastery of Santa María de Obarra, masonry construction with stones. Masonry is the craft of building a structure with brick, stone, or similar material, including mortar plastering which are often laid in, bound, and pasted together by mortar.

  7. Pavers (flooring) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavers_(flooring)

    There are many different laying patterns that can be achieved using block paving. The most common of these is the herringbone pattern . This pattern is the strongest of the block paving bonds as it offers the most interlock, therefore making it a good choice for driveways and road surfacing.

  8. Underpinning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underpinning

    The original foundation isn't strong or stable enough. The usage of the structure has changed. The properties of the soil supporting the foundation may have changed (possibly through subsidence) or were mischaracterized during design. The construction of nearby structures necessitates the excavation of soil supporting existing foundations.

  9. Piling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piling

    A monopile foundation utilizes a single, generally large-diameter, foundation structural element to support all the loads (weight, wind, etc.) of a large above-surface structure. A large number of monopile foundations [ 1 ] have been utilized in recent years for economically constructing fixed-bottom offshore wind farms in shallow-water subsea ...