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Memory ordering is the order of accesses to computer memory by a CPU. Memory ordering depends on both the order of the instructions generated by the compiler at compile time and the execution order of the CPU at runtime .
The Stacks Project is an open source collaborative mathematics textbook writing project with the aim to cover "algebraic stacks and the algebraic geometry needed to define them".
The Z-ordering can be used to efficiently build a quadtree (2D) or octree (3D) for a set of points. [5] [6] The basic idea is to sort the input set according to Z-order.Once sorted, the points can either be stored in a binary search tree and used directly, which is called a linear quadtree, [7] or they can be used to build a pointer based quadtree.
Tarjan's strongly connected components algorithm is an algorithm in graph theory for finding the strongly connected components (SCCs) of a directed graph. It runs in linear time , matching the time bound for alternative methods including Kosaraju's algorithm and the path-based strong component algorithm .
A clique, C, in an undirected graph G = (V, E) is a subset of the vertices, C ⊆ V, such that every two distinct vertices are adjacent.This is equivalent to the condition that the induced subgraph of G induced by C is a complete graph.
Graphs of functions commonly used in the analysis of algorithms, showing the number of operations versus input size for each function. The following tables list the computational complexity of various algorithms for common mathematical operations.
Dataman was an educational toy calculator with mathematical games to aid in learning arithmetic. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It had an 8-digit vacuum fluorescent display (VFD), [ 3 ] and a keypad. [ 4 ] Dataman was manufactured by Texas Instruments [ 5 ] and was launched on 5 June 1977.
However, if the relation in question is already well-ordered, one can often use transfinite induction without invoking the axiom of choice. [4] For example, many results about Borel sets are proved by transfinite induction on the ordinal rank of the set; these ranks are already well-ordered, so the axiom of choice is not needed to well-order them.