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Common side effects of raloxifene include hot flashes (25–28% vs. 18–21% for placebo), [14] vaginal dryness, and leg cramps (generally mild; 5.5% vs. 1.9% for placebo). [16] [3] [18] Raloxifene does not cause breast tenderness, endometrial hyperplasia, menstrual bleeding, or endometrial cancer. [19] It does not appear to affect cognition or ...
Estradiol/raloxifene (E2/RLX) is a tissue-selective estrogen complex (TSEC) which was studied for potential use in menopausal hormone therapy but was never marketed. [ 2 ] [ 1 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Today, E2/RLX is not generally used due to concerns of endometrial hyperplasia .
A report in September 2009 from Health and Human Services' Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality suggests that tamoxifen, raloxifene, and tibolone used to treat breast cancer significantly reduce invasive breast cancer in midlife and older women, but also increase the risk of adverse side effects. [47]
The flexible hinge group, as well as the antiestrogenic phenyl 4-piperidinoethoxy side chain, are important for minimizing uterine effects. Because of its flexibility the side chain can obtain an orthogonal disposition relative to the core [7] so that the amine of raloxifene side chain is 1 Å closer than tamoxifens to amino acid Asp-351 in ...
The study concluded that raloxifene caused fewer side-effects and less endometrial cancer than tamoxifen. [6] [7] Raloxifene was found to be more effective at preventing noninvasive breast cancer but less effective at preventing invasive breast cancer. [8]
The side effects of cyproterone acetate (CPA), a steroidal antiandrogen and progestin, including its frequent and rare side effects, have been studied and characterized.It is generally well-tolerated and has a mild side-effect profile, regardless of dosage, when it used as a progestin or antiandrogen in combination with an estrogen such as ethinylestradiol or estradiol valerate in women.
A dose-response also was observed in the trial; ospemifene 60 mg had greater efficacy than ospemifene 30 mg. [14] Safety was also evaluated in these phase 3 trials. There was a 5.2% increase in the incidence of hot flushes, 1.6% increase in urinary tract infections, and 0.5% increase in the incidence of headache with ospemifene over placebo. [ 14 ]
The only side effect observed was mild loose stools (12% in treatment group vs. 3% in the placebo group). [ 1 ] Further studies have shown that most active estrogenic compound in Menerba is liquiritigenin , derived from the root of Glycyrrhizae uralensis Fisch, one of the 22 botanically derived ingredients found in Menerba.