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K-Factors have also previously been calculated and published using the United States customary units of pound per square inch (psi) and gallon per minute (gpm). Within the United States, US measurements are still often used instead of metric.
Spray nozzles can have one or more outlets; a multiple outlet nozzle is known as a compound nozzle. Multiple outlets on nozzles are present on spray balls, which have been used in the brewing industry for many years for cleaning casks and kegs. [2] Spray nozzles range from those for heavy duty industrial uses to light duty spray cans or spray ...
The vacuum draws liquid foam concentrate from a reservoir, which mixes with the water stream through a metering device on the discharge side of the eductor where a firefighting hose is connected. Typically the 200 psi inlet water pressure is reduced to 95 psi discharge pressure as a result of the narrowness of the venturi in the eductor device.
A fog nozzle. A fog nozzle is a firefighting hose spray nozzle that breaks its stream into small droplets.By doing so, its stream achieves a greater surface area, and thus a greater rate of heat absorption, which, when compared to that of a smoothbore nozzle, speeds its transformation into the steam that smothers the fire by displacing its oxygen.
The Toro Company was established as the "Toro Motor Company" in 1914 to build tractor engines for The Bull Tractor Company. [4] It built steam engines to support war efforts during World War I, and changed its name to Toro Manufacturing Company in 1920 when it began to refocus on manufacturing farm equipment. [5]
Spray nozzle manufacturers all tabulate capacity based on water. Since the specific gravity of a liquid affects its flow rate, the values must be adjusted using the equation below, where Qw is the water capacity and Spg is the specific gravity of the fluid used resulting the volumetric flow rate of the fluid used Qf.
Air-aspirating nozzles use an opening in the cone shaped nozzle to inject air into a stream of water based foam (CAFS/AFFF/FFFP) to make the concentrate "foam up". Most commonly found on foam extinguishers and foam handlines. Swirl nozzles inject the liquid in tangentially, and it spirals into the center and then exits through the central hole ...
Standards set by the National Fire Protection Association require that each length of new double jacket, rubber-lined attack hose must be pressure tested to 600 psi (41.4 bar; 4,140 kPa), but most manufacturers test to 800 psi (55.2 bar; 5,520 kPa). Subsequent to delivery, the hose is tested annually to 400 psi (27.6 bar; 2,760 kPa) by the fire ...