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In mature adults, glycine is a inhibitory neurotransmitter found in the spinal cord and regions of the brain. [15] As it binds to a glycine receptor, a conformational change is induced, and the channel created by the receptor opens. [17] As the channel opens, chloride ions are able to flow into the cell which results in hyperpolarization.
Glycine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, especially in the spinal cord, brainstem, and retina. When glycine receptors are activated, chloride enters the neuron via ionotropic receptors, causing an inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP).
Sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 2, also known as glycine transporter 2 (GlyT2), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC6A5 gene. [ 5 ] The glycine transporter 2 is a membrane protein which recaptures glycine , a major inhibitory transmitter in the spinal cord and brainstem .
Glycine transporters (GlyTs) are plasmalemmal neurotransmitter transporters. They serve to terminate the signaling of glycine by mediating its reuptake from the synaptic cleft back into the presynaptic neurons. There are two glycine transporters: glycine transporter 1 (GlyT1) and glycine transporter 2 (GlyT2). [1]
Drugs targeting the neurotransmitter of such systems affect the whole system, which explains the mode of action of many drugs. [citation needed] Most other neurotransmitters, on the other hand, e.g. glutamate, GABA and glycine, are used very generally throughout the central nervous system.
Neurotransmitter transporters are a class of membrane transport proteins that span the cellular membranes of neurons. Their primary function is to carry neurotransmitters across these membranes and to direct their further transport to specific intracellular locations. There are more than twenty types of neurotransmitter transporters. [1]
An amino acid neurotransmitter is an amino acid which is able to transmit a nerve message across a synapse. Neurotransmitters (chemicals) are packaged into vesicles that cluster beneath the axon terminal membrane on the presynaptic side of a synapse in a process called endocytosis .
The basic structure and functions associated with the NMDA receptor can be attributed to the GluN2B subunit. For example, the glutamate binding site and the control of the Mg 2+ block are formed by the GluN2B subunit. The high affinity sites for glycine antagonist are also exclusively displayed by the GluN1/GluN2B receptor. [31]