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  2. Linguistic performance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic_performance

    John A. Hawkins's Performance-Grammar Correspondence Hypothesis (PGCH) states that the syntactic structures of grammars are conventionalized based on whether and how much the structures are preferred in performance. [18] Performance preference is related to structure complexity and processing, or comprehension, efficiency. Specifically, a ...

  3. Writing assessment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writing_Assessment

    Writing assessment refers to an area of study that contains theories and practices that guide the evaluation of a writer's performance or potential through a writing task. Writing assessment can be considered a combination of scholarship from composition studies and measurement theory within educational assessment . [ 1 ]

  4. Exam - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exam

    This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 13 January 2025. Educational assessment For other uses, see Exam (disambiguation) and Examination (disambiguation). Cambodian students taking an exam in order to apply for the Don Bosco Technical School of Sihanoukville in 2008 American students in a computer fundamentals class taking an online test in ...

  5. Process theory of composition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_theory_of_composition

    The process theory of composition (hereafter referred to as "process") is a field of composition studies that focuses on writing as a process rather than a product. Based on Janet Emig's breakdown of the writing process, [1] the process is centered on the idea that students determine the content of the course by exploring the craft of writing using their own interests, language, techniques ...

  6. Linguistic competence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic_competence

    In general, performance-based explanations deliver a simpler theory of grammar at the cost of additional assumptions about memory and parsing. As a result, the choice between a competence-based explanation and a performance-based explanation for a given phenomenon is not always obvious and can require investigating whether the additional ...

  7. Holistic grading - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holistic_grading

    In 1980 assessment of school writing was being conducted in at least 24 states, the large majority by writing samples rated holistically. [51] In post-secondary education, more and more colleges and universities were using holistic scoring for advance credit, placement into first-year writing courses, exit from writing courses, and ...

  8. Immediate constituent analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immediate_constituent_analysis

    Given a phrase structure grammar (= constituency grammar), ICA divides up a sentence into major parts or immediate constituents, and these constituents are in turn divided into further immediate constituents. [1] The process continues until irreducible constituents are reached, i.e., until each constituent consists of only a word or a ...

  9. General Tests of English Language Proficiency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Tests_of_English...

    G-TELP Business Writing evaluates an examinee’s ability to write clearly and effectively in a business setting. The test lasts about 60 minutes and consists of 5 areas. It is composed of tasks that assess grammar, vocabulary, organization, style, and substance. The test has a score range between level 1 and the level 11. [16]