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  2. Flesch–Kincaid readability tests - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flesch–Kincaid...

    "The Flesch–Kincaid" (F–K) reading grade level was developed under contract to the U.S. Navy in 1975 by J. Peter Kincaid and his team. [1] Related U.S. Navy research directed by Kincaid delved into high-tech education (for example, the electronic authoring and delivery of technical information), [2] usefulness of the Flesch–Kincaid readability formula, [3] computer aids for editing tests ...

  3. Lexile - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexile

    The Lexile Framework for Reading is an educational tool in the United States that uses a measure called a Lexile to match readers with reading resources such as books and articles. Readers and texts are assigned a Lexile score, where lower scores reflect easier readability for texts and lower reading ability for readers.

  4. Oxford Placement Test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_Placement_Test

    The Oxford Placement Test (OPT), also called the Oxford Online Placement Test (OOPT), is an on demand computer-adaptive test of the English language for non-native speakers of English, reporting at Pre-A1, A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, and C2 levels of the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR).

  5. Readability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Readability

    Readability is the ease with which a reader can understand a written text.The concept exists in both natural language and programming languages though in different forms. In natural language, the readability of text depends on its content (the complexity of its vocabulary and syntax) and its presentation (such as typographic aspects that affect legibility, like font size, line height ...

  6. Gunning fog index - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunning_fog_index

    A sample test using an automated Gunning Fog calculator on a random footnote from the text (#51: Dion, vol. I. lxxix. p. 1363. Herodian, l. v. p. 189.) [9] gave an index of 19.2 using only the sentence count, and an index of 12.5 when including independent clauses. This brought down the fog index from post-graduate to high school level. [10]

  7. Fry readability formula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fry_readability_formula

    A rendition of the Fry graph. The Fry readability formula (or Fry readability graph) is a readability metric for English texts, developed by Edward Fry. [1]The grade reading level (or reading difficulty level) is calculated by the average number of sentences (y-axis) and syllables (x-axis) per hundred words.

  8. Progress in International Reading Literacy Study - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progress_in_International...

    PIRLS 2021. The IEA's Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) [1] is an international study of reading (comprehension) achievement in 9-10 year olds. It has been conducted every five years since 2001 by the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA).

  9. Literacy in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literacy_in_the_United_States

    Using non-certified teachers reduces the amount of money that a school would have to put into hiring many certified teachers, which increases the number of children that can be helped. [64] Many underprivileged elementary school students need this reading proficiency assistance but also deserve the best quality given the historical inequities ...