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Copper is commonly used for building wire because of its conductivity, strength, and reliability. Over the life of a building wire system, copper can also be the most economical conductor. Copper used in building wire has a conductivity rating of 100% IACS [ 10 ] [ 25 ] or better.
It is an empirically derived standard value for the electrical conductivity of commercially available copper. Sometime around 1913, several copper samples from 14 important refiners and wire manufacturers were analyzed by the U.S. Bureau of Standards.
Electrical conductivity of water samples is used as an indicator of how salt-free, ion-free, or impurity-free the sample is; the purer the water, the lower the conductivity (the higher the resistivity). Conductivity measurements in water are often reported as specific conductance, relative to the conductivity of pure water at 25 °C.
If high conductivity copper must be welded or brazed or used in a reducing atmosphere, then oxygen-free high conductivity copper (CW008A or ASTM designation C10100) may be used. [3] Because of its ease of connection by soldering or clamping, copper is still the most common choice for most light-gauge wires.
The resistivity and conductivity are proportionality constants, and therefore depend only on the material the wire is made of, not the geometry of the wire. Resistivity and conductivity are reciprocals: = /. Resistivity is a measure of the material's ability to oppose electric current.
[129] [130] Copper wire is used in power generation, power transmission, ... Copper's superior conductivity enhances the efficiency of electrical motors. [136]
The CuOFP capsule used as overpack for spent nuclear fuel disposal in the KBS-3 concept (Swedish version). Oxygen-free copper (OFC) or oxygen-free high thermal conductivity (OFHC) copper is a group of wrought high-conductivity copper alloys that have been electrolytically refined to reduce the level of oxygen to 0.001% or below.
Some examples of skin depth in copper wire at different frequencies are: At 60 Hz, the skin depth of a copper wire is about 7.6 mm (0.30 inches). At 60,000 Hz (60 kHz), the skin depth of copper wire is about 0.25 mm (0.0098 inches). At 6,000,000 Hz (6 MHz), [5] the skin depth of copper wire is about 25 μm (0.00098 inches).
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