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  2. Multiprotocol Label Switching - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiprotocol_Label_Switching

    The last router in an LSP, which pops the label from the packet, is called an egress router. Routers in between, which need only swap labels, are called transit routers or label switch routers (LSRs). Note that LSPs are unidirectional; they enable a packet to be label switched through the MPLS network from one endpoint to another.

  3. Label switching - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Label_switching

    Label switching is a technique of network relaying to overcome the problems perceived by traditional IP-table switching (also known as traditional layer 3 hop-by-hop routing) [1]. Here, the switching of network packets occurs at a lower level , namely the data link layer rather than the traditional network layer .

  4. Egress router - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egress_router

    An egress router is a label switch router that is an end point (drain) for a given label-switched path (LSP). An egress router may be an ingress router or an intermediate router for any other LSP(s). Hence the role of egress and ingress routers is LSP specific. Usually, the MPLS label is attached with an IP packet at the ingress router and ...

  5. Label Distribution Protocol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Label_Distribution_Protocol

    Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) is a protocol in which routers capable of Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) exchange label mapping information. Two routers with an established session are called LDP peers and the exchange of information is bi-directional.

  6. Ingress router - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingress_router

    An ingress router is a label switch router that is a starting point (source) for a given label-switched path (LSP). An ingress router may be an egress router or an intermediate router for any other LSP(s). Hence the role of ingress and egress routers is LSP specific. Usually, the MPLS label is attached with an IP

  7. Forwarding information base - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forwarding_information_base

    The label edge routers at the edges of an MPLS cloud map between the end-to-end identifier, such as an IP address, and a link-local label. At each MPLS hop, there is a forwarding table that tells the label-switched router which outgoing interface is to receive the MPLS packet, and what label to use when sending the packet out that interface.

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  9. Penultimate hop popping - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penultimate_hop_popping

    Penultimate hop popping (PHP) is specified in RFC 3031 Section 3.16 and is a function performed by certain routers in an MPLS enabled network.It refers to the process whereby the outermost label of an MPLS tagged packet is removed by a label switch router (LSR) before the packet is passed to an adjacent label edge router (LER).