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Drug titration is the process of adjusting the dose of a medication for the maximum benefit without adverse effects. [1] When a drug has a narrow therapeutic index, titration is especially important, because the range between the dose at which a drug is effective and the dose at which side effects occur is small. [2]
An important advantage of tacrolimus is that, unlike steroids, it does not cause skin thinning , or other steroid related side effects. [19] [18] It is applied on the active lesions until they heal off, but may also be used continuously in low doses (twice a week), and applied to the thinner skin over the face and eyelids.
For many drugs, severe toxicities in humans occur at sublethal doses, which limit their maximum dose. A higher safety-based therapeutic index is preferable instead of a lower one; an individual would have to take a much higher dose of a drug to reach the lethal threshold than the dose taken to induce the therapeutic effect of the drug.
Deracoxib is a coxib class nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). [3] Like other NSAIDs, its effects are caused by inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. [7] At the doses used to treat dogs, deracoxib causes greater inhibition of COX-2 than of COX-1, [3] but at doses twice those recommended for use in dogs, deracoxib significantly inhibits COX-1 as well.
The maximum tolerable dose (MTD) information is necessary to be able to design such groups and therefore dose-ranging studies are usually designed after the availability of MTD information. [1] The main goal of a dose-ranging study is to estimate the response vs. dose given, so as to analyze the efficacy and safety of the drug.
The fixed-dose procedure (FDP), proposed in 1992 by the British Toxicology Society, is a method to assess a substance's acute oral toxicity. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In comparison to the older LD 50 test developed in 1927, this procedure produces similar results while using fewer animals and causing less pain and suffering. [ 3 ]
Vaccination of dogs is the practice of animal vaccination applied to dogs. Programs in this field have contributed both to the health of dogs and to the public health . In countries where routine rabies vaccination of dogs is practiced, for example, rabies in humans is reduced to a very rare event.
Half the dogs received bedinvetmab and half the dogs received a sterile saline injection every 28 days for a total of three doses. [5] Before treatment and on various days throughout the study, owners used the Canine Brief Pain Inventory (CBPI) assessment tool to measure the severity of the dog's pain and the degree to which the pain interfered ...