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Spatial orientation (the inverse being spatial disorientation, aka spatial-D) is the ability to maintain body orientation and posture in relation to the surrounding environment (physical space) at rest and during motion. Humans have evolved to maintain spatial orientation on the ground.
A non-flipped image of a right-handed Cartesian coordinate system, illustrating the x (right-left), y (forward-backward) and z (up-down) axes relative to a human being.Body relative directions (also known as egocentric coordinates) [1] are geometrical orientations relative to a body such as a human person's body or a road sign.
The human body is the entire structure of a human being. It is composed of many different types of cells that together create tissues and subsequently organs and then organ systems . The external human body consists of a head , hair , neck , torso (which includes the thorax and abdomen ), genitals , arms , hands , legs , and feet .
Body schema is an organism's internal model of its own body, including the position of its limbs. The neurologist Sir Henry Head originally defined it as a postural model of the body that actively organizes and modifies 'the impressions produced by incoming sensory impulses in such a way that the final sensation of body position, or of locality, rises into consciousness charged with a relation ...
The coronal plane, also called the frontal plane, divides the body into front and back parts. [6] The transverse plane, also called the axial plane or horizontal plane, is perpendicular to the other two planes. [6] In a human, this plane is parallel to the ground; in a quadruped, the coronal plane divides the animal into anterior and posterior ...
Orientation is a function of the mind involving awareness of three dimensions: time, place and person. [1] Problems with orientation lead to dis orientation, and can be due to various conditions. It ranges from an inability to coherently understand person, place, time, and situation, to complete disorientation.
Genes and the environment influence human biological variation in visible characteristics, physiology, disease susceptibility, mental abilities, body size, and life span. Though humans vary in many traits (such as genetic predispositions and physical features), humans are among the least genetically diverse primates.
Uexküll's application of the notion of "umwelt" to the human person has been contested. In "Welt und Umwelt" [ 10 ] and "Die Wahrheit der Dinge", the philosopher and sociologist Josef Pieper argued that reason allows the human person to live in "Welt" (world) while plants and animals do indeed live in an Umwelt—a notion he traces back far ...