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Ecocentrism (/ ˌ ɛ k oʊ ˈ s ɛ n t r ɪ z əm /; from Greek: οἶκος oikos, 'house' and κέντρον kentron, 'center') is a term used by environmental philosophers and ecologists to denote a nature-centered, as opposed to human-centered (i.e., anthropocentric), system of values.
In cognitive psychology, the term anthropocentric thinking has been defined as "the tendency to reason about unfamiliar biological species or processes by analogy to humans." [20] Reasoning by analogy is an attractive thinking strategy, and it can be tempting to apply one's own experience of being human to other biological systems. [20]
Weak anthropocentrism, however, argues that reality can only be interpreted from a human point of view, thus humans have to be at the centre of reality as they see it. Another point of view has been developed by Bryan Norton, who has become one of the essential actors of environmental ethics by launching environmental pragmatism, now one of its ...
A major debate arose in the 1970s and 80s was that of whether nature has intrinsic value in itself independent of human values or whether its value is merely instrumental, with ecocentric or deep ecology approaches emerging on the one hand versus consequentialist or pragmatist anthropocentric approaches on the other. [5]
Plant growth on the exterior of a dilapidated wall. Philosophy of ecology is a concept under the philosophy of science, which is a subfield of philosophy.Its main concerns centre on the practice and application of ecology, its moral issues, and the intersectionality between the position of humans and other entities. [1]
Environmental psychology is a branch of psychology that explores the relationship between humans and the external world. [1] It examines the way in which the natural environment and our built environments shape us as individuals.
Social ecology studies relationships between people and their environment, often the interdependence of people, collectives and institutions. It is the concept of how people interact with their surroundings, how they respond to it, and how these interactions impact society and the environment at large. [1]
Ecopsychology is an interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary field that focuses on the synthesis of ecology and psychology and the promotion of sustainability. [1] [2] [3] It is distinguished from conventional psychology as it focuses on studying the emotional bond between humans and the Earth.