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Equation is a form of the Kutta–Joukowski theorem. Kuethe and Schetzer state the Kutta–Joukowski theorem as follows: [ 5 ] The force per unit length acting on a right cylinder of any cross section whatsoever is equal to ρ ∞ V ∞ Γ {\displaystyle \rho _{\infty }V_{\infty }\Gamma } and is perpendicular to the direction of V ∞ ...
A solution of the potential equation directly determines only the velocity field. The pressure field is deduced from the velocity field through Bernoulli's equation. Comparison of a non-lifting flow pattern around an airfoil; and a lifting flow pattern consistent with the Kutta condition in which the flow leaves the trailing edge smoothly
This is known as the Kutta–Joukowski theorem. [6] This equation applies around airfoils, where the circulation is generated by airfoil action; and around spinning objects experiencing the Magnus effect where the circulation is induced mechanically. In airfoil action, the magnitude of the circulation is determined by the Kutta condition. [6]
When an airfoil is moving with an angle of attack, the starting vortex has been cast off and the Kutta condition has become established, there is a finite circulation of the air around the airfoil. The airfoil is generating lift, and the magnitude of the lift is given by the Kutta–Joukowski theorem. [5]: § 4.5
Lifting line theory supposes wings that are long and thin with negligible fuselage, akin to a thin bar (the eponymous "lifting line") of span 2s driven through the fluid. . From the Kutta–Joukowski theorem, the lift L(y) on a 2-dimensional segment of the wing at distance y from the fuselage is proportional to the circulation Γ(y) about the bar a
The force on a rotating cylinder is an example of Kutta–Joukowski lift, [2] named after Martin Kutta and Nikolay Zhukovsky (or Joukowski), mathematicians who contributed to the knowledge of how lift is generated in a fluid flow. [3]
The effect of downwash from a hovering Sikorsky Seahawk is clearly visible on the surface of water below.. In aeronautics, downwash is the change in direction of air deflected by the aerodynamic action of an airfoil, wing, or helicopter rotor blade in motion, as part of the process of producing lift. [1]
Martin Wilhelm Kutta (German:; 3 November 1867 – 25 December 1944) was a German mathematician. In 1901, he co-developed the Runge–Kutta method, used to solve ordinary differential equations numerically. He is also remembered for the Zhukovsky–Kutta aerofoil, the Kutta–Zhukovsky theorem and the Kutta condition in aerodynamics.