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  2. Cross-entropy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-entropy

    This is also known as the log loss (or logarithmic loss [4] or logistic loss); [5] the terms "log loss" and "cross-entropy loss" are used interchangeably. [ 6 ] More specifically, consider a binary regression model which can be used to classify observations into two possible classes (often simply labelled 0 {\displaystyle 0} and 1 ...

  3. Softmax function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softmax_function

    A higher temperature results in a more uniform output distribution (i.e. with higher entropy; it is "more random"), while a lower temperature results in a sharper output distribution, with one value dominating. In some fields, the base is fixed, corresponding to a fixed scale, [d] while in others the parameter β (or T) is varied.

  4. Loss functions for classification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loss_functions_for...

    The cross-entropy loss is closely related to the Kullback–Leibler divergence between the empirical distribution and the predicted distribution. The cross-entropy loss is ubiquitous in modern deep neural networks .

  5. Torch (machine learning) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torch_(machine_learning)

    Loss functions are implemented as sub-classes of Criterion, which has a similar interface to Module. It also has forward() and backward() methods for computing the loss and backpropagating gradients, respectively. Criteria are helpful to train neural network on classical tasks.

  6. Vision transformer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vision_transformer

    The loss function used in DINO is the cross-entropy loss between the output of the teacher network (′) and the output of the student network (). The teacher network is an exponentially decaying average of the student network's past parameters: θ t ′ = α θ t + α ( 1 − α ) θ t − 1 + ⋯ {\displaystyle \theta '_{t}=\alpha \theta _{t ...

  7. Cross-entropy method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-Entropy_Method

    The cross-entropy (CE) method is a Monte Carlo method for importance sampling and optimization. It is applicable to both combinatorial and continuous problems, with either a static or noisy objective. The method approximates the optimal importance sampling estimator by repeating two phases: [1] Draw a sample from a probability distribution.

  8. Kullback–Leibler divergence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kullback–Leibler_divergence

    The entropy () thus sets a minimum value for the cross-entropy (,), the expected number of bits required when using a code based on Q rather than P; and the Kullback–Leibler divergence therefore represents the expected number of extra bits that must be transmitted to identify a value x drawn from X, if a code is used corresponding to the ...

  9. Continuous Bernoulli distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_Bernoulli...

    In probability theory, statistics, and machine learning, the continuous Bernoulli distribution [1] [2] [3] is a family of continuous probability distributions parameterized by a single shape parameter (,), defined on the unit interval [,], by: