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An electron transport chain (ETC [1]) is a series of protein complexes and other molecules which transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions (both reduction and oxidation occurring simultaneously) and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H + ions) across a membrane.
English: Diagram of the electron transport chain in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Compared to the original this version has: Corrected stoichiometry, Cytochrome C is no longer inside the membrane, Complex II is now transmembrane, added electrons.
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The chain of redox reactions driving the flow of electrons through the electron transport chain, from electron donors such as NADH to electron acceptors such as oxygen and hydrogen (protons), is an exergonic process – it releases energy, whereas the synthesis of ATP is an endergonic process, which requires an input of energy.
Protons are pulled into the intermembrane space by the energy of the electrons going through the electron transport chain. Four electrons are finally accepted by oxygen in the matrix to complete the electron transport chain. The protons return to the mitochondrial matrix through the protein ATP synthase. The energy is used in order to rotate ...
In addition, the reoxidation of the 'FeS protein' releases the proton bound to His181 into the intermembrane space. The other electron, which was transferred to the b L heme, is used to reduce the b H heme, which in turn transfers the electron to the ubiquinone bound at the Q i site. The movement of this electron is energetically unfavourable ...
These electrons enter the electron transport chain of the mitochondria via reduction equivalents to generate ATP. The shuttle system is required because the mitochondrial inner membrane is impermeable to NADH , the primary reducing equivalent of the electron transport chain.
This proton pump is driven by electron transport and catalyzes the transfer of electrons from plastoquinol to plastocyanin. The reaction is analogous to the reaction catalyzed by Complex III (cytochrome bc1) of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. This enzyme helps to establish a transmembrane difference of proton electrochemical ...