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The mechanism of action of ribavirin is not entirely clear. [1] Ribavirin was patented in 1971 and approved for medical use in 1986. [9] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [10] It is available as a generic medication. [1]
Ribavirin: Hepatitis C [15] nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor: Rilpivirine (Edurant) [16] HIV Rimantadine: Influenza A: M2 proton channel antagonist Ritonavir: HIV HIV-1 protease inhibitor Saquinavir: HIV Simeprevir (Olysio) Hepatitis C Sofosbuvir: Hepatitis C [17] nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor: Stavudine ...
It is a prodrug of ribavirin, active against a number of DNA and RNA viruses. Taribavirin has better liver-targeting than ribavirin, and has a shorter life in the body due to less penetration and storage in red blood cells. It is expected eventually to be the drug of choice for viral hepatitis syndromes in which ribavirin is active.
In adults, ribavirin is used off-label and is generally reserved for the severely immunocompromised, such as those undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplants. [ 3 ] Presatovir , an experimental antiviral drug, has shown promising results in clinical trials but has not yet been approved for medical use.
For genotype 1 hepatitis C treated with pegylated interferon alfa-2a or pegylated interferon alfa-2b combined with ribavirin, it has been shown that genetic polymorphisms near the human IL28B gene, encoding interferon lambda 3, are associated with significant differences in response to the treatment.
Gastrointestinal disturbances (including mouth ulcers, indigestion, diarrhea, constipation, etc.) Infections (including sinusitis, the flu, sepsis, UTIs, etc.)
It is specifically used for hepatitis C genotype 1 and 4. [2] Medications it is used with include sofosbuvir or ribavirin and peginterferon-alfa. [2] Cure rates are in 80s to 90s percent. [3] [4] [5] It may be used in those who also have HIV/AIDS. [2] It is taken by mouth once daily for typically 12 weeks. [2]
In that study, shorted treatment with only three months of telaprevir and six months of treatment peginterferon alfa-2a and ribavirin achieved an SVR of 51%. In a second randomized controlled trial (REALIZE) of patients who had previously relapsed or had only a partial response, rates of SVR were higher in patients treated with telaprevir (83% ...